10 Amazing Ways To Jump Start Your Sales |
by: Wesley Atkins |
| 1. Find a strategic business partner. Look for ones that have the same objective. You can trade leads, share marketing info, sell package deals, etc. 2. Brand your name and business. You can easily do this by just writing articles and submitting them to e-zines or web sites for republishing. 3. Start an auction on your web site. The type of auction could be related to the theme of your site. You'll draw traffic from auctioneers and bidders. 4. Remember to take a little time out of your day or week to brainstorm. New ideas are usually the difference between success and failure. 5. Model other successful business or people. I'm not saying out right copy them, but practice some of the same habits that have made them succeed. 6. Take risks to improve your business. Sometimes businesses don't want to advertise unless it's free, sometimes you have to spend money to get results. 7. Include emotional words in your advertisements. Use ones like love, security, relief, freedom, happy, satisfaction, fun, etc. 8. Ask people online to review your web site. You can use the comments you get to improve your web site or you may turn the reviewer into a customer. 9. Out source part of your workload. You'll save on most employee costs. You could out source your secretarial work, accounting, marketing, etc. 10. Combine a product and service together in a package deal. It could increase your sales. If you're selling a book, offer an hour of consulting with it. About the author: Wesley Atkins is the owner of http://www.reviewbooth.com/ - containing numerous web site marketing tips, articles, and reviews of marketing tools and software. |
Dec 14, 2008
10 Amazing Ways To Jump Start Your Sales
Oct 28, 2008
Ready Stock
Nama : White Diamond dan Golden Discus
Nama : White Diamond Discus
Nama : Pigeon Discus
Nama : Blue Diamond Discus
Nama : Neon Red Turqouis
Nama : Neon Red Turqouis
Nama : Red White
Nama : Pigeon Discus
Nama : White Diamond
Nama : Red Marlboro
Nama : Blue Diamond
Nama : White Butterfly
Oct 27, 2008
KOLEKSI VIDEO DAN FOTO
Albino Leopard
Blue Diamond
Indukan Red White
Neon Red Turqouis
Ogon
Red White
Snow White Turqouis
Foto - foto
Blue Diamond
Indukan Red White
Neon Red Turqouis
Ogon
Red White
Snow White Turqouis
Foto - foto
Oct 18, 2008
Ornamental fish LIVE BEARER
Ornamental fish
LIVE BEARER
1. INTRODUCTION
Ornamental fish well known by the community as a garnish Aquarium.
The development of ornamental fish in Indonesia continues to progress
increased, especially fresh water ornamental fish native Indonesia. From the many types of
ornamental fish, not everything has to be cultivated. In the breed
ornamental fish should note that each species has a characteristic and
living habits that vary, for example, in the way of spawning, laying
or preparing the nest.
How to breed ornamental fish, there are several types:
1) ornamental fish that litter.
2) ornamental fish that are spawning.
3) ornamental fish that lay eggs on a subtrat.
4) ornamental fish that hatch eggs in the nest foam.
5) The fish eggs which hatch in the mouth.
In writing this will be discussed on ways of ornamental fish
The bear (live bearer), for example:
1) Fish Guppy (Poecilia Reticulata Guppy)
2) Fish Molly (Poelicia latipinna Sailfin Sanchiago)
3) Fish Platy (Xiphophorus maculatus Platy)
4) tail Sword Fish (Xiphophorus helleri Sword tail)
2. Characteristics MASTER male and female
1) Master male
a. Having gonopodium (in the form of belly bulge behind the fin), which
anal fin is a modification in the form of a fin that long.
b. Rampaing body.
c. Brighter color.
d. Fin spine longer.
e. Big head.
2) Master Betta
a. Fin behind the stomach is not there gonopodium, but the form of fin fine.
b. Body fat
c. Color is less bright.
d. Fin back normal.
e. His head slightly taper.
3. Need to think of raising
1) Water that is needed is a stone contain enough Oxygen (O2) and
clear.
2) The water temperature ranges between 15 ~ 270C.
3) the preferred pH is slightly alkalis, which ranged from 7 ~ 8.
4) Foods that can be given natural food (larva, worms, lice water)
and the food made, given adequate.
4. ENGINEERING cultivated
1) Parents. Choose the size of the parent who is relatively large, form of body
The large and have a beautiful color.
2) Master-parent who has been selected included in the one vessel for some
tide parent. However, when the descendants of a certain desire can also
done by separating the vessel apart a pair.
3) Air-spawning tanks must be controlled every day. After birth, children, fish
must be taken immediately and separated from the mainland not to be eaten
by the mainland.
5. TREATMENT FOR SEEDS
1) Children born fish that has not need a new food, because
still contain yellow eggs (egg yolk). After 4 ~ 5 days of the new children's fish
food can be given a water bug that has been filtered, or yellow
that has been boiled and destroyed.
2) After reaching the medium size (2 ~ 3 cm) can be given food
worms, and after reaching adult size (5 ~ 7 cm) can be given
larva food.
3) In addition to natural foods can also be given additional food form
worms dry, so-so, etc..
4) Providing food should 2 times a day, should not excessive,
because it can cause contamination that can meerusak water quality.
5) Substitution of water. Water tanks in the Aquarium or not to dirty / muddy,
because it can cause child mortality of fish. Dirt can be cleaned
every 2 ~ 3 days with the way disipon, water, which at the time
disipon as many as 10 ~ 20% can be replaced with new water.
6. CLOSING
Fish live bearer is very easy and have a level
success rate. For a pair of fish can generate 50
up to 100 acres of fish for spawning one time, with the price of Rp perekor. 25, --
up to Rp. 75, -. This type of fish is also an ornamental fish that can be exported
for example: Guppy fish. With proper maintenance techniques and perseverance
The high will the results obtained with a very beautiful color.
7. RESOURCES
Fisheries Jakarta, Jakarta, 1996
LIVE BEARER
1. INTRODUCTION
Ornamental fish well known by the community as a garnish Aquarium.
The development of ornamental fish in Indonesia continues to progress
increased, especially fresh water ornamental fish native Indonesia. From the many types of
ornamental fish, not everything has to be cultivated. In the breed
ornamental fish should note that each species has a characteristic and
living habits that vary, for example, in the way of spawning, laying
or preparing the nest.
How to breed ornamental fish, there are several types:
1) ornamental fish that litter.
2) ornamental fish that are spawning.
3) ornamental fish that lay eggs on a subtrat.
4) ornamental fish that hatch eggs in the nest foam.
5) The fish eggs which hatch in the mouth.
In writing this will be discussed on ways of ornamental fish
The bear (live bearer), for example:
1) Fish Guppy (Poecilia Reticulata Guppy)
2) Fish Molly (Poelicia latipinna Sailfin Sanchiago)
3) Fish Platy (Xiphophorus maculatus Platy)
4) tail Sword Fish (Xiphophorus helleri Sword tail)
2. Characteristics MASTER male and female
1) Master male
a. Having gonopodium (in the form of belly bulge behind the fin), which
anal fin is a modification in the form of a fin that long.
b. Rampaing body.
c. Brighter color.
d. Fin spine longer.
e. Big head.
2) Master Betta
a. Fin behind the stomach is not there gonopodium, but the form of fin fine.
b. Body fat
c. Color is less bright.
d. Fin back normal.
e. His head slightly taper.
3. Need to think of raising
1) Water that is needed is a stone contain enough Oxygen (O2) and
clear.
2) The water temperature ranges between 15 ~ 270C.
3) the preferred pH is slightly alkalis, which ranged from 7 ~ 8.
4) Foods that can be given natural food (larva, worms, lice water)
and the food made, given adequate.
4. ENGINEERING cultivated
1) Parents. Choose the size of the parent who is relatively large, form of body
The large and have a beautiful color.
2) Master-parent who has been selected included in the one vessel for some
tide parent. However, when the descendants of a certain desire can also
done by separating the vessel apart a pair.
3) Air-spawning tanks must be controlled every day. After birth, children, fish
must be taken immediately and separated from the mainland not to be eaten
by the mainland.
5. TREATMENT FOR SEEDS
1) Children born fish that has not need a new food, because
still contain yellow eggs (egg yolk). After 4 ~ 5 days of the new children's fish
food can be given a water bug that has been filtered, or yellow
that has been boiled and destroyed.
2) After reaching the medium size (2 ~ 3 cm) can be given food
worms, and after reaching adult size (5 ~ 7 cm) can be given
larva food.
3) In addition to natural foods can also be given additional food form
worms dry, so-so, etc..
4) Providing food should 2 times a day, should not excessive,
because it can cause contamination that can meerusak water quality.
5) Substitution of water. Water tanks in the Aquarium or not to dirty / muddy,
because it can cause child mortality of fish. Dirt can be cleaned
every 2 ~ 3 days with the way disipon, water, which at the time
disipon as many as 10 ~ 20% can be replaced with new water.
6. CLOSING
Fish live bearer is very easy and have a level
success rate. For a pair of fish can generate 50
up to 100 acres of fish for spawning one time, with the price of Rp perekor. 25, --
up to Rp. 75, -. This type of fish is also an ornamental fish that can be exported
for example: Guppy fish. With proper maintenance techniques and perseverance
The high will the results obtained with a very beautiful color.
7. RESOURCES
Fisheries Jakarta, Jakarta, 1996
Oct 16, 2008
arwana super red
Super Red arwana
Characteristics arwana super red scales, which is located on a red light and emit yellow on the body. Limit clear that the scales (ring), there is at the head and back. Edge of the fin reddish color. Circle the scales yellowish red to bright red. Red lips. Arwana this type, there are many on the island of Borneo, living in the river or lake that calm and do not have.
Arwana SUPER RED. Many are in Kalimantan island, live in rivers and lakes are calm and do not have source: AgromediaPustaka, 2008
Characteristics arwana super red scales, which is located on a red light and emit yellow on the body. Limit clear that the scales (ring), there is at the head and back. Edge of the fin reddish color. Circle the scales yellowish red to bright red. Red lips. Arwana this type, there are many on the island of Borneo, living in the river or lake that calm and do not have.
Arwana SUPER RED. Many are in Kalimantan island, live in rivers and lakes are calm and do not have source: AgromediaPustaka, 2008
Oct 12, 2008
feeding Shrimp
TOTAL feeding Windu Shrimp.
The amount of the feed for maintenance is calculated based on the sampling results. To facilitate hitungannya calculated, the amount of feed given to the following provisions:
1. Shrimp stadia zoea, with the amount of 1.5 ppm + feed plankton.
2. Mysis shrimp stadia, namely the amount of 1 ppm feed.
3. Shrimp post flyblow stadia, namely the amount of 1 ppm feed + nauplii Artemia.
4. Shrimp the size of PL 20 - 5 grams, namely the amount of 25% - 50% of total body weight per day.
5. Shrimp size 6 - 10 grams, namely the amount of 15% - 25% of total body weight per day.
6. Shrimp size from 11 to 15 grams, namely the amount of 8% - 15% of total body weight per day.
7. Shrimp with 20-30 grams of weight, namely the amount of 4% - 8% of total body weight per day. In addition to accuracy in the amount of feed given frequency also develop an important role in the effectiveness of the use of feed.
All this of course should be tailored to the biological nature of shrimp that are kept. Estimation of the number and weight of the sampling shrimp also play a role is very important, because it can determine the quantity of feed must be provided. In connection with teknolegi semi-intensive cultivation of shrimp and shrimp ponds in the intensive program of the feed can be made, such as table
8. Food is the largest part of the cost of production and is also suspected to be the determinant factors in the economic value of shrimp cultivation. One of the things that must be taken by the farmers embankment is Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). FCR is how much value kg of food provided to the ponds can produce 1 kg of shrimp that are kept in the ponds. FCR value addition influenced olehjenis kept in the shrimp ponds and the quality of food, is also affected by the provision of food programs and environmental management ponds. Farmers ponds must be careful of the value of FCR, as with improving the value of FCR, other than the production cost can be pressed, FCR also related to speed growth and the basic conditions of ponds. Value FCR bad identical with the growth of bad shrimp, shrimp that are the basic conditions of stress and the dirty ponds (Thamassart, 1991).
GROWTH UDANG
(normal)
source: Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru Dra. Suzy Anna
SCHEDULE feeding Shrimp
SCHEDULE feeding Shrimp.
Feeding schedule also determine the success of the cultivation of shrimp. As in other organisms, shrimp, also have behavior and habit of eating its own. From experience it is known that shrimp is the active animals that eat at night, because the percentage of the feed at night more than the day (when the maximum intensity of the sun). The food at the intensity of the sun is the minimum amount of 60% of the total feed for 24 hours.
Thus, the efficiency of feed given is expected to be more secure. Time feeding shrimp and young adults are also different. Shrimp have metabolik adult rate and speed of eating more shrimp than young. Food that is given should be sufficient in number.
The amount of feed required for optimal growth for each of stadia shrimp. Therefore, it is expected that with adequate supplies of feed quality and quantity, shrimp will be able to survive until harvest time. The food is set and adjusted with a production target will be achieved. Conversely, if the feed is excessive, in addition to not effective, but also the rest of the feed will damage the environment.
source: Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
Feeding schedule also determine the success of the cultivation of shrimp. As in other organisms, shrimp, also have behavior and habit of eating its own. From experience it is known that shrimp is the active animals that eat at night, because the percentage of the feed at night more than the day (when the maximum intensity of the sun). The food at the intensity of the sun is the minimum amount of 60% of the total feed for 24 hours.
Thus, the efficiency of feed given is expected to be more secure. Time feeding shrimp and young adults are also different. Shrimp have metabolik adult rate and speed of eating more shrimp than young. Food that is given should be sufficient in number.
The amount of feed required for optimal growth for each of stadia shrimp. Therefore, it is expected that with adequate supplies of feed quality and quantity, shrimp will be able to survive until harvest time. The food is set and adjusted with a production target will be achieved. Conversely, if the feed is excessive, in addition to not effective, but also the rest of the feed will damage the environment.
source: Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
HOW feeding shrimp
HOW feeding shrimp
Terms of the absolute to fulfill the feeding is a good evenly, in the sense that can be cultivated so that one individual shrimp feed to obtain the same with other individuals, so that expected by feeding evenly, growth will be uniform. With natural selection, in line with the length of time maintenance, shrimp, the weak will experience death and shrimp that have a resistance standard will be able to "death to all infidels' and grow well.
How the feed is evenly can avoid the occurrence of competition in the food. If the competition can be avoided, then the nature of cannibalism will be more manageable. Competitive conditions and cannibalism will be more sharply and the size of shrimp when glaring vary. Shrimp have a great ability and the size of the mouth larger than shrimp, prawn, so get more food and grow more rapidly, the shrimp grow increasingly hampered due to get less feed.
source: Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
Terms of the absolute to fulfill the feeding is a good evenly, in the sense that can be cultivated so that one individual shrimp feed to obtain the same with other individuals, so that expected by feeding evenly, growth will be uniform. With natural selection, in line with the length of time maintenance, shrimp, the weak will experience death and shrimp that have a resistance standard will be able to "death to all infidels' and grow well.
How the feed is evenly can avoid the occurrence of competition in the food. If the competition can be avoided, then the nature of cannibalism will be more manageable. Competitive conditions and cannibalism will be more sharply and the size of shrimp when glaring vary. Shrimp have a great ability and the size of the mouth larger than shrimp, prawn, so get more food and grow more rapidly, the shrimp grow increasingly hampered due to get less feed.
source: Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
Oct 11, 2008
Determination of Water
Determination of Water
In general, the determination of the water is done with the sap of the oven temperature at 105 - 110 ° C for 3 hours or until a constant weight was obtained. Difference in weight before and after drying is the number of water evaporated. For material that is not heat-resistant heating is done in vacuum oven with a temperature lower. Sometimes the drying is done without heating, the material included in the eksikator with H4 SO2 dense as the dryer to achieve a constant weight.
Determination of water content of the material that their water content and contain the compound easily evaporate (volatile) destilasi use with a specific solvent such as toluen xylol and the BD-Heptara it is lower than the water.
Example (sample) tube inserted in the ball (flask) and then heated. Solvent and water vapor, and diembunkan fall on the tube aufhauser scale. Water that has BD greater in the bottom, so that the amount of evaporated water that can be seen on the scale aufhauser the tube.
For materials with high sugar content can be measured by using refraktometer. In addition to the physical way, there are also ways to determine the chemical water. Nail me to measure the water asetilen based on the volume of gas produced from the reaction of calcium Carbide with materials that will be examined.
source : Dra. Suzy Anna
In general, the determination of the water is done with the sap of the oven temperature at 105 - 110 ° C for 3 hours or until a constant weight was obtained. Difference in weight before and after drying is the number of water evaporated. For material that is not heat-resistant heating is done in vacuum oven with a temperature lower. Sometimes the drying is done without heating, the material included in the eksikator with H4 SO2 dense as the dryer to achieve a constant weight.
Determination of water content of the material that their water content and contain the compound easily evaporate (volatile) destilasi use with a specific solvent such as toluen xylol and the BD-Heptara it is lower than the water.
Example (sample) tube inserted in the ball (flask) and then heated. Solvent and water vapor, and diembunkan fall on the tube aufhauser scale. Water that has BD greater in the bottom, so that the amount of evaporated water that can be seen on the scale aufhauser the tube.
For materials with high sugar content can be measured by using refraktometer. In addition to the physical way, there are also ways to determine the chemical water. Nail me to measure the water asetilen based on the volume of gas produced from the reaction of calcium Carbide with materials that will be examined.
source :
Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
analysis of fat in the shrimp feed
Fat Analysis.
Some chemical test has been conducted to identify the fat, namely with some of the test well with the way:
a. Numbers Reichert Meisel (BRM.
BRM 0.1 N is the number of basa, which is required every five grams of fat to neutralize acids, which easily vaporize fat in the destilasi, namely acid fat C4 and C6 (Butirat and kaproat).
b. Numbers Polenske
This number determines the rate of fatty acid that volatil but not soluble in water, the fatty acid C8 to C14. Procedures, such as in the example below:
c. Kirschner New Numbers (New Kirshner Value = NKV)
BKB (NKV) adalahjumlah basa 0.1 ml of N, which is required every five grams of fat / oil fatty acid to neutralize the salt-volatil salt peraknya lamt mixture of ethanol in the water.
d. Numbers Penyabunan (BP)
BP adalahjumlah mg KOH needed to menyabunkan 1 gram of fat. To counteract 1 Molecular gliserida required 3 molecular alkali.
e. Numbers Hehner
Hehner number used to determine the amount of fatty acid that is not soluble in water. Fat with the BM will have a high number of low Hehner.
f. Numbers lodin
Lodin the number of grams of iodine is absorbed by the 100 grams of fat. I2 will mengadisi ties duplex is not saturated fatty acid-free and in the form of esters. The number depends on lodin the amount of fatty acid is not saturated in fat. Fat reconstitution in Khioroform (C Cl4) and then added iodine solution (0,1 - 0,5 g). The remaining iodine, which does not react dititrasi with tiosulfat.
I2 + 2NaS203 ----> 2Na I + Na Q4 O6
source : Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
ANALYSIS FOOD PRAWN. Analysis Carbohydrate
ANALYSIS FOOD PRAWN.
There are some aspect able to be used for the analysis of prawn food, that is : Chemically, Physics and Biology.
A. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
1. Analysis Carbohydrate. Analysis Carbohydrate can be [done/conducted] qualitative and is quantitative, that is pursuant to nature of specific chemical reaction and sakarida.
Analysis Qualitative. Carbohydrate if/when reacted with condensation of naftol in alcohol, [is] later;then enhanced [by] condensed H2So4 neglectlessly, [at] its dilution boundary will be formed [by] purple berwama furfural. This reaction [is] recognized with reaction of Molisch representing reaction of public of carbohydrate. Other some ways for the analysis of carbohydrate [is] by is assorted [of] examination, like :
- Test of Antron.
0,2 condensation ml follow the example of in tube reaction of enhanced [by] condensation of antron ( 0,2 % in condensed H2So4). Incidence [of] rather blue green or green colour designate the existence of carbohydrate in example [of] condensation. this [is] Test very sensitive so that can give positive result if [done/conducted] [at] paper filter pregnant [of] cellulose. This test [is] developed for quantitative test by colorimetric to glkogen, sugar and inulin in blood :
- Test of Bartoed.
Its it[him] consist of Cupri acetate acid and acetate. Into 5 pereaksi ml in tube reaction of enhanced 1 ml follow the example of later;then save reaction placed in water boil during 1 rose colored Sediment minute [of] orange show the existence of monosakharida in example [of]
- Benedict.
Its it[him] consist of Cuprisulfat, sitrat natrium and of natrium carbonate. Into 5 ml reaction of in tube reaction of enhanced 8 example [of] condensation drip, later;then save reaction placed in water boil during 5 minute. Incidence [of] sediment of wama green turn yellow or squeeze orange show the existence of sugar reduce in example [of].
- test of Lodium.
Condensation example [of] acidified with HCL. [Is] meanwhile made [by] condensation of lodium in condensation of KI. Condensation follow the example of counted 1 drip enhanced into condensation of lodium. Incidence [of] blue colour show the existence of extract in example [of]. while red wama show the existence of or glikogen of eritrodekstrin
- Test Seliwanoff.
Its [is] it made [by] before test started, by liquefying 3,5 resorsinol ml 0,5 % by 12 condensed HCL ml, [is] later;then thinned. Become 35 ml with water refine test, [done/conducted] by enhancing 1 condensation ml follow the example of into 5 ml. [Is] later;then placed in water boil during 10 minute. Ruddle cherry show the existence of fruktosa in example [of].
- Test of Tauber.
Two of example [of] condensation drip, enhanced into 1 condensation ml of benzidina, heating and made cool in short order. Incidence [of] purple show the existence of pentosa in example [of]
Quantitative Analysis.
This Analysis use polarimeter, that is by including sugar condensation into certain polariscope tube [of] length, [is] later;then seen [by] its rotation angle;corner. This matter [is] [done/conducted] [by] because carbohydrate have the nature of can turn around polarization light area to right (+) and to is left (-) and each;every sugar have specific rotation angle;corner which different each other. For example sukrosa + 66,6 % and glucose + 90 %. Nature of used this for quantitative analysis.rotation which different each other. For example sukrosa + 66,6 % and glucose + 90 %. Nature of used this for quantitative analysis.
Source : Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
There are some aspect able to be used for the analysis of prawn food, that is : Chemically, Physics and Biology.
A. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
1. Analysis Carbohydrate. Analysis Carbohydrate can be [done/conducted] qualitative and is quantitative, that is pursuant to nature of specific chemical reaction and sakarida.
Analysis Qualitative. Carbohydrate if/when reacted with condensation of naftol in alcohol, [is] later;then enhanced [by] condensed H2So4 neglectlessly, [at] its dilution boundary will be formed [by] purple berwama furfural. This reaction [is] recognized with reaction of Molisch representing reaction of public of carbohydrate. Other some ways for the analysis of carbohydrate [is] by is assorted [of] examination, like :
- Test of Antron.
0,2 condensation ml follow the example of in tube reaction of enhanced [by] condensation of antron ( 0,2 % in condensed H2So4). Incidence [of] rather blue green or green colour designate the existence of carbohydrate in example [of] condensation. this [is] Test very sensitive so that can give positive result if [done/conducted] [at] paper filter pregnant [of] cellulose. This test [is] developed for quantitative test by colorimetric to glkogen, sugar and inulin in blood :
- Test of Bartoed.
Its it[him] consist of Cupri acetate acid and acetate. Into 5 pereaksi ml in tube reaction of enhanced 1 ml follow the example of later;then save reaction placed in water boil during 1 rose colored Sediment minute [of] orange show the existence of monosakharida in example [of]
- Benedict.
Its it[him] consist of Cuprisulfat, sitrat natrium and of natrium carbonate. Into 5 ml reaction of in tube reaction of enhanced 8 example [of] condensation drip, later;then save reaction placed in water boil during 5 minute. Incidence [of] sediment of wama green turn yellow or squeeze orange show the existence of sugar reduce in example [of].
- test of Lodium.
Condensation example [of] acidified with HCL. [Is] meanwhile made [by] condensation of lodium in condensation of KI. Condensation follow the example of counted 1 drip enhanced into condensation of lodium. Incidence [of] blue colour show the existence of extract in example [of]. while red wama show the existence of or glikogen of eritrodekstrin
- Test Seliwanoff.
Its [is] it made [by] before test started, by liquefying 3,5 resorsinol ml 0,5 % by 12 condensed HCL ml, [is] later;then thinned. Become 35 ml with water refine test, [done/conducted] by enhancing 1 condensation ml follow the example of into 5 ml. [Is] later;then placed in water boil during 10 minute. Ruddle cherry show the existence of fruktosa in example [of].
- Test of Tauber.
Two of example [of] condensation drip, enhanced into 1 condensation ml of benzidina, heating and made cool in short order. Incidence [of] purple show the existence of pentosa in example [of]
Quantitative Analysis.
This Analysis use polarimeter, that is by including sugar condensation into certain polariscope tube [of] length, [is] later;then seen [by] its rotation angle;corner. This matter [is] [done/conducted] [by] because carbohydrate have the nature of can turn around polarization light area to right (+) and to is left (-) and each;every sugar have specific rotation angle;corner which different each other. For example sukrosa + 66,6 % and glucose + 90 %. Nature of used this for quantitative analysis.rotation which different each other. For example sukrosa + 66,6 % and glucose + 90 %. Nature of used this for quantitative analysis.
Source : Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
ANALYSIS FOOD PRAWN. protein analysis.
Analysis Protein
a. Quantitative Analysis
- Way of Kjeldahl.
Way of this used to analyse harsh protein rate in food-stuff indirectly, that is multiplying result of analysis with number convert 6,25 will be obtained [by] protein value in food-stuff. Number 6,25 coming from serum conversion of albumin which usually contain 16 % nitrogen. Principal [is] way of analysis of Kjeldahl shall be as follows: originally materials of dektrusi with condensed sulphate acid use oksikhlorida selenium katalis or item of Zn. Amonia [is] that happened accomodated and titration constructively indicator. Way of Kjeldahl generally can be differentiated to the two way of that is way of macro and macro half. Way of is macro [of] Kjeldahl used for example [of] which is difficult [of] dihomogenisasi and is big [of] example [of] 1 - 3 gr, while flourishing is macro [of] Kjeldahl designed for pocket edition example [of] that is less than 300 mg of homogeneous materials. Way of the analysis will prosper with nitrogen assumption in the form of tying of N - N and of N - O in sampel [do] not there are big in number.
- Way of Dumas.
Principal [is] way of this [is] example [of] food-stuff burned in CO2 atmosfir, and in environment having cuprioksida. All carbon atom and hydrogen will be turned into CO2 and aqueous vapour, all gas poured into in condensation of Naoh and [done/conducted] [by] draining of gas. All imbibition gas except nitrogen gas, this gas [is] later;then analysed and measured.
Analysis Qualitative.
Analyse this can be [done/conducted] by biologis and also chemistry.
- Way of biologis :
[Done/Conducted] by using attempt animal. Some examination which is [is] ordinary to be done by using way of that is
- PER ( Protein of Efficiency Ratio
- NPU ( Net Protein of Utilization
- N Dp Cal ( Net Dietary Protein of Calories
- Assess Biologis :
Assess biologis represent nitrogen faction amount or price which come into body and exploited in course of growth.
Energy Digest :
Energy digest [is] the amount of nitrogen faction of food-stuff able to be permeated for the growth of.
Balance Nitrogen : [Is] a[n analysis which [is] often [done/conducted] to know nitrogen balance which enter and secretory nitrogen of body.
Sour Score [of] Amino ( Amino Acid Score ) : Quality of protein can be measured by determining the amount of acid of amino constrictor and comparing [him/ it] with acid of amino of a kind. Some ways which can be [done/conducted] [by] that is
- Way of column kromatografi
- Way Of HPLC ( High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- Way Of Mikrobiologis
- Way Of Spektrofotometrik
- Way of Kromatografi transfer of ion
- Way of Kromatografi gas-cairan
- Way of flimsy Kromatografi coat ( TLC)
Source : Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
a. Quantitative Analysis
- Way of Kjeldahl.
Way of this used to analyse harsh protein rate in food-stuff indirectly, that is multiplying result of analysis with number convert 6,25 will be obtained [by] protein value in food-stuff. Number 6,25 coming from serum conversion of albumin which usually contain 16 % nitrogen. Principal [is] way of analysis of Kjeldahl shall be as follows: originally materials of dektrusi with condensed sulphate acid use oksikhlorida selenium katalis or item of Zn. Amonia [is] that happened accomodated and titration constructively indicator. Way of Kjeldahl generally can be differentiated to the two way of that is way of macro and macro half. Way of is macro [of] Kjeldahl used for example [of] which is difficult [of] dihomogenisasi and is big [of] example [of] 1 - 3 gr, while flourishing is macro [of] Kjeldahl designed for pocket edition example [of] that is less than 300 mg of homogeneous materials. Way of the analysis will prosper with nitrogen assumption in the form of tying of N - N and of N - O in sampel [do] not there are big in number.
- Way of Dumas.
Principal [is] way of this [is] example [of] food-stuff burned in CO2 atmosfir, and in environment having cuprioksida. All carbon atom and hydrogen will be turned into CO2 and aqueous vapour, all gas poured into in condensation of Naoh and [done/conducted] [by] draining of gas. All imbibition gas except nitrogen gas, this gas [is] later;then analysed and measured.
Analysis Qualitative.
Analyse this can be [done/conducted] by biologis and also chemistry.
- Way of biologis :
[Done/Conducted] by using attempt animal. Some examination which is [is] ordinary to be done by using way of that is
- PER ( Protein of Efficiency Ratio
- NPU ( Net Protein of Utilization
- N Dp Cal ( Net Dietary Protein of Calories
- Assess Biologis :
Assess biologis represent nitrogen faction amount or price which come into body and exploited in course of growth.
Energy Digest :
Energy digest [is] the amount of nitrogen faction of food-stuff able to be permeated for the growth of.
Balance Nitrogen : [Is] a[n analysis which [is] often [done/conducted] to know nitrogen balance which enter and secretory nitrogen of body.
Sour Score [of] Amino ( Amino Acid Score ) : Quality of protein can be measured by determining the amount of acid of amino constrictor and comparing [him/ it] with acid of amino of a kind. Some ways which can be [done/conducted] [by] that is
- Way of column kromatografi
- Way Of HPLC ( High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- Way Of Mikrobiologis
- Way Of Spektrofotometrik
- Way of Kromatografi transfer of ion
- Way of Kromatografi gas-cairan
- Way of flimsy Kromatografi coat ( TLC)
Source : Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
Oct 7, 2008
FOOD MADE IN PRAWN
FOOD MADE IN PRAWN.
Food made in representing a[n alternative which its [his/its] continuously enable and can be used as [by] substitution or complement of life food. However making in reality commercially for prawn to have price which relative high enough, because most still imported. Even though there [is] still the way of able to be [done/conducted] to make prawn food simply and is cheap. Thereby besides can take benefit because using home made food also can depress operating expenses. Follow the example of the specification of requirement of nutrisi for the food of materials source and prawn, as described like [at] Tables 5.
TECHNIQUE MAKING OF FOOD LARVA.
Pursuant to its making technique, food for the larva of prawn can be made in the form of dry and wet. Advantage of food in form of wet [is]
- Can be made with simple equipments
- By biologis prawn prefer soft food than dry
- Warm-Up and draining can avoid, so that can prevent losing of nutrient in food. Its loss [is]
- Easy to destroy because micro-organism, [is] unless enhanced [by] preservative.
TABLES 5. SPECIFIC [of] REQUIREMENT OF NUTRISI FOR THE FOOD OF PRAWN AND SOURCE MATERIALS.
- oxidized Easy nutrient, sour specially askorbat, except if/when kept in a state of frost
Food made in representing a[n alternative which its [his/its] continuously enable and can be used as [by] substitution or complement of life food. However making in reality commercially for prawn to have price which relative high enough, because most still imported. Even though there [is] still the way of able to be [done/conducted] to make prawn food simply and is cheap. Thereby besides can take benefit because using home made food also can depress operating expenses. Follow the example of the specification of requirement of nutrisi for the food of materials source and prawn, as described like [at] Tables 5.
TECHNIQUE MAKING OF FOOD LARVA.
Pursuant to its making technique, food for the larva of prawn can be made in the form of dry and wet. Advantage of food in form of wet [is]
- Can be made with simple equipments
- By biologis prawn prefer soft food than dry
- Warm-Up and draining can avoid, so that can prevent losing of nutrient in food. Its loss [is]
- Easy to destroy because micro-organism, [is] unless enhanced [by] preservative.
TABLES 5. SPECIFIC [of] REQUIREMENT OF NUTRISI FOR THE FOOD OF PRAWN AND SOURCE MATERIALS.
- oxidized Easy nutrient, sour specially askorbat, except if/when kept in a state of frost
- Flesh network [at] wet food ( [do] not be heated) can contain enzyme anti thiamin. Food example [of] in the form of wet [is] egg mikrokapsul ( diet microcapsulated egg) and egg pudding ( custard egg). While food in the form of running dry [is] plankton artifisial and of flake diet ( food in form of shiver ).
source : Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
Oct 6, 2008
READY [of] NAUPLII ARTEMIA PRAWN
READY [of] NAUPLII ARTEMIA PRAWN.
Requirement of Artemia as food live to prawn larva pasca represent conditions which is [is] absolute to be provided, because till now domicile Artemia not yet earned to be replaced with is other. reserved for [by] Cyst [is] the food require to be incubated beforehand. As for quality of hatch of cyst can be seen from various assessment, that is :
- Hatching Efficiency ( HE) that is to the number of nauplii hatching from 1 gram of cyst Artemia
- Hatching Percentage ( H %) [is] the amount of nauplii hatching to be compared to the amount of used cyst
- T0 : needed Incubation period happened hatch of first nauplii
- T90 : needed Incubation period till reach 90 % hatch.
In practice, ready [of] food live Artemia have to [pass/through] process of dekapsulasi beforehand, because will be obtained [by] some advantage, that is
- Needn'T the existence of dissociation of nauplius from covering, because cyst chorion have been eliminated
- content of Energi higher because [do] not wear for the process of hatch
- Cyst have been sterilized from pest [pass/through] condensation of hipokhlorit
- Earn used direct for the food of larva
- lessening the amount of labour.
As for procedure stages;steps of dekapsulasi shall be as follows
1. hydration of Cyst
2. Treatment in condensation of hipokhlorit
3. Wash and activation of residu khiorin
4. Can be used directly as food or dehydrationed to [be] is depository.
Hydrasi Cyst. Omission of coat of khorion perfect can only be [done/conducted] [by] if globular cyst. To get that situation, cyst have to be let puffy by hydration. Generally full (of) hydration can reach [by] after 1 - 2 [hour/clock] with sea water or freshwater ( maximal 35 permil) [at] temperature 25°C.
Treatment in Condensation of Hipokhlorit. For the treatment of dekapsulasi, can be used [by] condensation of Naocl or of Ca ( OCL)2 which more knowledgeable with kaporit. If used Naoci, hence Natrium and of OCL ionized in condensation and formed [by] HOCL in water, while if Ca ( used OCL)2 will be yielded [by] 2 ion of OCL to each;every molecule of hipokhlorit. Can be said that [by] OCL play a part in khorion, but this matter still is not sure. Activity and maximal concentration [is] [at] PH 10, compared to [at] low PH. 0,5 materials gram of aktifdan 14 condensation ml of dekapsulasi needed to dekapsulasi 1 gram of cyst.
[In] many state, Ca ( OCL)2, cheaper as source of active khiorin from [at] Na Ocl2 Ca ( OCL)2 represent more stable product than Na OCL and can be kept longer during. Activity of Ca ( OCL)2 usually precisely [is] such as those which expressed in lable of commercial product ( generally 70 % active materials). Condensation activity of Na OCL can be determined with measuring index of refraktif [at] refraktometer. Its value [is] :
Y = 3000 X - 4003
Y = Activity of Na OCL in gram per litre
X = Make an index to refraktif.
With NaOCl, 0, 15 gram of NaOH technical ( 0,33 ml, 40 % condensation) have to be enhanced in every gram of cyst to increase pH condensation of dekapsulasi until [about/around] 10. If which [is] used [by] Ca(OCl)2 hence 0,67 gram of Na2CO3 or 0,4 gram of CaO have to be made with water go out to sea 35 permil. For Ca(OCl)2, the used [is] its just dilution, by mixing [him/ it] with sea water, volume have been determined and strong diaerasi during [about/around] 10 minute. Hereinafter aerasi killed and suspensi let to tuang and also pregnant dilution [of] condensation of Ca ( OCL)2, can be used for dekapsulasi.
After evacuation of cyst in condensation of dekapsulasi, hence have to be defended in a state of suspensi with aerasi continually. In a few minute take its rise reaction of exothermic oxidation and grow spume. In line with is dissolve [of] him of khorion, happened change of colour of cyst, that is from deep brown to is grey, later;then orange. During dekapsulasi, temperature have to be checked regularly and ice have to be enhanced to prevent the make-up of temperature above 40°C. If cyst defended in condensation of dekapsulasi, will kill embryo. Therefore, cyst have to be removed immediately from condensation after process finish. Solving of process can be [done/conducted] with perception periodical after existence of change of colour of cyst which [is] didekapsulasi.
Wash and Activation of Residu Khiorin. During treatment, condensation of dekapsulasi respond to cyst khorion. Effect of reaction, formed [by] some compound of organokhiorin coherent [at] cyst result of dekapsulasi able to lessen quality and usefulness of cyst which [is] didekapsulasi. Therefore, after wash can be enhanced [by] 1 % Na2S203, counted 0,5 ml / gram of cyst so that form dissolve compound with compound of organokhlorin. Thereby can eliminate condensation pickings of dekapsulasi [at] cyst.
4. Direct Usage [of] Cyst or Dehydration to [be] is Depository.
Cyst result of dekapsulasi can be given direct to predator if needed. This Cyst can be kept for a few day in refrigerator [at] temperature 0 - 4°C. Because can immerse in sea water and also freshwater, hence time used direct as food of predator, needed [by] and aerasi of sirkulasi last for maintaining cyst in suspensi. To [be] is depository [of] cyst result of dekapsulasi, dehydration hams [done/conducted] [by] after finishing activation procedure and wash. For that, cyst have to be defended in saturated condensation [of] Nad (± 330 gram / litre). After [about/around] 3 [hour/clock], salt condensation have to pinch hit for to streamline to dehydration. If dehydrationed, dekapsulasi cyst will become like seed copy and sink although in saturated salt condensation.
Dekapsulasi Cyst which [is] this hydration [of] leak have to and by using filter 120 micron, carried over in place of plastic, enhanced [by] salt condensation and kept in or refrigerator of freezer. Depository [of] dekapsulasi cyst in salt condensation have limitation. During 6 kalends after dekapsulasi, cyst admit of to maintain maximal hatching energy [of] him, ika sekalipunj kept [at] temperature 20°C.Untukperiode longer, continuity of life of cyst downhill seems.
Degradation of energy hatch dekapsulasi cyst which [is] kept in salt condensation possible because of content of aimya which high relative ( [about/around] 20 %). Depository for time old ones from dry dekapsulasi cyst ( content irrigate below/under 5%) enabling if kept in a state of running dry in free media [of] oxygen ( place of filled [by] nitrogen or is air-less).
Source : Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
Requirement of Artemia as food live to prawn larva pasca represent conditions which is [is] absolute to be provided, because till now domicile Artemia not yet earned to be replaced with is other. reserved for [by] Cyst [is] the food require to be incubated beforehand. As for quality of hatch of cyst can be seen from various assessment, that is :
- Hatching Efficiency ( HE) that is to the number of nauplii hatching from 1 gram of cyst Artemia
- Hatching Percentage ( H %) [is] the amount of nauplii hatching to be compared to the amount of used cyst
- T0 : needed Incubation period happened hatch of first nauplii
- T90 : needed Incubation period till reach 90 % hatch.
In practice, ready [of] food live Artemia have to [pass/through] process of dekapsulasi beforehand, because will be obtained [by] some advantage, that is
- Needn'T the existence of dissociation of nauplius from covering, because cyst chorion have been eliminated
- content of Energi higher because [do] not wear for the process of hatch
- Cyst have been sterilized from pest [pass/through] condensation of hipokhlorit
- Earn used direct for the food of larva
- lessening the amount of labour.
As for procedure stages;steps of dekapsulasi shall be as follows
1. hydration of Cyst
2. Treatment in condensation of hipokhlorit
3. Wash and activation of residu khiorin
4. Can be used directly as food or dehydrationed to [be] is depository.
Hydrasi Cyst. Omission of coat of khorion perfect can only be [done/conducted] [by] if globular cyst. To get that situation, cyst have to be let puffy by hydration. Generally full (of) hydration can reach [by] after 1 - 2 [hour/clock] with sea water or freshwater ( maximal 35 permil) [at] temperature 25°C.
Treatment in Condensation of Hipokhlorit. For the treatment of dekapsulasi, can be used [by] condensation of Naocl or of Ca ( OCL)2 which more knowledgeable with kaporit. If used Naoci, hence Natrium and of OCL ionized in condensation and formed [by] HOCL in water, while if Ca ( used OCL)2 will be yielded [by] 2 ion of OCL to each;every molecule of hipokhlorit. Can be said that [by] OCL play a part in khorion, but this matter still is not sure. Activity and maximal concentration [is] [at] PH 10, compared to [at] low PH. 0,5 materials gram of aktifdan 14 condensation ml of dekapsulasi needed to dekapsulasi 1 gram of cyst.
[In] many state, Ca ( OCL)2, cheaper as source of active khiorin from [at] Na Ocl2 Ca ( OCL)2 represent more stable product than Na OCL and can be kept longer during. Activity of Ca ( OCL)2 usually precisely [is] such as those which expressed in lable of commercial product ( generally 70 % active materials). Condensation activity of Na OCL can be determined with measuring index of refraktif [at] refraktometer. Its value [is] :
Y = 3000 X - 4003
Y = Activity of Na OCL in gram per litre
X = Make an index to refraktif.
With NaOCl, 0, 15 gram of NaOH technical ( 0,33 ml, 40 % condensation) have to be enhanced in every gram of cyst to increase pH condensation of dekapsulasi until [about/around] 10. If which [is] used [by] Ca(OCl)2 hence 0,67 gram of Na2CO3 or 0,4 gram of CaO have to be made with water go out to sea 35 permil. For Ca(OCl)2, the used [is] its just dilution, by mixing [him/ it] with sea water, volume have been determined and strong diaerasi during [about/around] 10 minute. Hereinafter aerasi killed and suspensi let to tuang and also pregnant dilution [of] condensation of Ca ( OCL)2, can be used for dekapsulasi.
After evacuation of cyst in condensation of dekapsulasi, hence have to be defended in a state of suspensi with aerasi continually. In a few minute take its rise reaction of exothermic oxidation and grow spume. In line with is dissolve [of] him of khorion, happened change of colour of cyst, that is from deep brown to is grey, later;then orange. During dekapsulasi, temperature have to be checked regularly and ice have to be enhanced to prevent the make-up of temperature above 40°C. If cyst defended in condensation of dekapsulasi, will kill embryo. Therefore, cyst have to be removed immediately from condensation after process finish. Solving of process can be [done/conducted] with perception periodical after existence of change of colour of cyst which [is] didekapsulasi.
Wash and Activation of Residu Khiorin. During treatment, condensation of dekapsulasi respond to cyst khorion. Effect of reaction, formed [by] some compound of organokhiorin coherent [at] cyst result of dekapsulasi able to lessen quality and usefulness of cyst which [is] didekapsulasi. Therefore, after wash can be enhanced [by] 1 % Na2S203, counted 0,5 ml / gram of cyst so that form dissolve compound with compound of organokhlorin. Thereby can eliminate condensation pickings of dekapsulasi [at] cyst.
4. Direct Usage [of] Cyst or Dehydration to [be] is Depository.
Cyst result of dekapsulasi can be given direct to predator if needed. This Cyst can be kept for a few day in refrigerator [at] temperature 0 - 4°C. Because can immerse in sea water and also freshwater, hence time used direct as food of predator, needed [by] and aerasi of sirkulasi last for maintaining cyst in suspensi. To [be] is depository [of] cyst result of dekapsulasi, dehydration hams [done/conducted] [by] after finishing activation procedure and wash. For that, cyst have to be defended in saturated condensation [of] Nad (± 330 gram / litre). After [about/around] 3 [hour/clock], salt condensation have to pinch hit for to streamline to dehydration. If dehydrationed, dekapsulasi cyst will become like seed copy and sink although in saturated salt condensation.
Dekapsulasi Cyst which [is] this hydration [of] leak have to and by using filter 120 micron, carried over in place of plastic, enhanced [by] salt condensation and kept in or refrigerator of freezer. Depository [of] dekapsulasi cyst in salt condensation have limitation. During 6 kalends after dekapsulasi, cyst admit of to maintain maximal hatching energy [of] him, ika sekalipunj kept [at] temperature 20°C.Untukperiode longer, continuity of life of cyst downhill seems.
Degradation of energy hatch dekapsulasi cyst which [is] kept in salt condensation possible because of content of aimya which high relative ( [about/around] 20 %). Depository for time old ones from dry dekapsulasi cyst ( content irrigate below/under 5%) enabling if kept in a state of running dry in free media [of] oxygen ( place of filled [by] nitrogen or is air-less).
Source : Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
Sep 29, 2008
NATURAL FOOD FOR THE PRAWN
NATURAL FOOD FOR THE PRAWN.
Natural Food represent indispensablelity need its levying for the food of prawn larva. Although many plankton type able to be used as [by] prawn larva food, but for good natural food [of] hams fulfill some conditions, that is - Having size measure and form matching with prawn larva mouth - its Obstetrical [of] high him - solid Cell content and have flimsy cell wall, so that [is] easy to permeated - Quickly multiply and have tolerance which high enough to change of environmental factor - [Do] not [release] poisonous compound - Movement of it is not overactive, so that [is] easy to arrested by prawn larva.
To take care of the availibility of natural food for the larva of prawn, hence require to be [done/conducted] [by] natural food culture which with quality and optimal amount. Some plankton type which [is] often used for the food of prawn [is] Skeletonema Costatum, Tetraselmis Chilii, Chaetoceros Calcitrans, Brachionus Plicatilis and of Artemia Sp.
TECHNIQUE CULTURE PLANKTON.
Pure Culture.
Way of this [done/conducted] in media [so that/ to be] to get one plankton species. Usually media [so that/ to be] fertilized with manure matching with wanted plankton. required equipments, for example, petridish, tail ose / mikropipet, erienmeyer, pipette, save microscope and reaction. Entire/All culture media and equipments except microscope, before used have to be sterilized in autoclave ( temperature 100°C, pressure 1 Atmosfir during 10 minute).
Condensation [so that/ to be] which have been fertilized, to be infused petridish, let a few moments become solidly. Take example [of] irrigate plankton with needle of ose / mikropipet and dab to surface of media [so that/ to be], [is] later;then closed and kept [at] room;chamber temperature. Few days later;then surface [so that/ to be] the have been growed [by] example [of] plankton colonys. By using microscope, each colony perceived and searched [by] plankton colony desired. If have been got, hence can be developed in tube react and used as [by] seed. If colony perceived still mixed with other type, hence the inokulasi have to repeat get pure colony. Pure colony [of] inkubasi in room which [is] ber-AC to take care of stability of temperature [among/between] 25 - 27°C.
Picture : 1. teknik kultur alami
source : Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
Natural Food represent indispensablelity need its levying for the food of prawn larva. Although many plankton type able to be used as [by] prawn larva food, but for good natural food [of] hams fulfill some conditions, that is - Having size measure and form matching with prawn larva mouth - its Obstetrical [of] high him - solid Cell content and have flimsy cell wall, so that [is] easy to permeated - Quickly multiply and have tolerance which high enough to change of environmental factor - [Do] not [release] poisonous compound - Movement of it is not overactive, so that [is] easy to arrested by prawn larva.
To take care of the availibility of natural food for the larva of prawn, hence require to be [done/conducted] [by] natural food culture which with quality and optimal amount. Some plankton type which [is] often used for the food of prawn [is] Skeletonema Costatum, Tetraselmis Chilii, Chaetoceros Calcitrans, Brachionus Plicatilis and of Artemia Sp.
TECHNIQUE CULTURE PLANKTON.
Pure Culture.
Way of this [done/conducted] in media [so that/ to be] to get one plankton species. Usually media [so that/ to be] fertilized with manure matching with wanted plankton. required equipments, for example, petridish, tail ose / mikropipet, erienmeyer, pipette, save microscope and reaction. Entire/All culture media and equipments except microscope, before used have to be sterilized in autoclave ( temperature 100°C, pressure 1 Atmosfir during 10 minute).
Condensation [so that/ to be] which have been fertilized, to be infused petridish, let a few moments become solidly. Take example [of] irrigate plankton with needle of ose / mikropipet and dab to surface of media [so that/ to be], [is] later;then closed and kept [at] room;chamber temperature. Few days later;then surface [so that/ to be] the have been growed [by] example [of] plankton colonys. By using microscope, each colony perceived and searched [by] plankton colony desired. If have been got, hence can be developed in tube react and used as [by] seed. If colony perceived still mixed with other type, hence the inokulasi have to repeat get pure colony. Pure colony [of] inkubasi in room which [is] ber-AC to take care of stability of temperature [among/between] 25 - 27°C.
Picture : 1. teknik kultur alami
source : Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
Sep 25, 2008
CONDITIONS OF NUTRIENT TO PRAWN of WINDU ( FAT )
FAT.
Fat required as source of energi. Existence of fat have important role also for growth and continuity of life, especially some sour type [of] fat very is having an in with [of] life of prawn. Sour [of] fat also function to dissolve vitamin. Sour composition [of] fat exist in prawn very hand in glove its [relation/link] with fat which implied in given food. One fat gram can yield 9 kkal per gram while protein and carbohydrate only yielding 4 kkal per gram. Special to territorial water organism, fat play a part in to minimize beratjenis, so that organism can float [in] water.
Some researcher report that given food fat rate and source have real influence to body fat rate. According to Sick and of Andrews ( 1973), given [by] prawn [is] food without fat have body fat rate 4,93 % from dry weight. While [at] food which is the each given [by] fat coming from 10 % ox fat, 10 % corn oil and 10 % linseed, causing each prawn body fat rate become 7,27 %, 7,82 % and 8,58 %. Matter this means required [by] certain fat acid in given food.
Fat acid have important role [do] not only as source of energi, but also as Iihat vitamin which [is] esensial for the prawn of ( Teshima and of Yone, 1978). From some result of research have been proved that prawn have unique requirement to and sterol of fosfolipida different with other territorial water organism and mammal. [At] other animal, sterol earn disintesis of acetate, while [at] prawn cannot sintesis. Cholesterol represent Iihat vitamin which [is] esensial to growth and life of prawn, because this Iihat vitamin can be turned into hormone of seks hormone and change husk [is] and also used as [by] fundamental element [of] hypodermic. optimal Cholesterol rate for the larva of and of juvenil [is] [about/around] 0,5 % ( Et al Kanazawa., 1971). Prawn can alter C28 and of C29 sterols become cholesterol ( Teshima, 1971).
Fat acid of linoleat, and linolenat of arakidonat represent fat acid of esensial very important for growth and continuity of prawn life. Prawn less efficient in altering acid of linoleat acid and of linolenat become fat acid is not saturated larger ones ( Poly acid fatty unsdturated Higher) and comparison of fat acid found on prawn of substadium PL 1 and PL 2 [is] 16 : 0,18 : 1,20 : 4 and 22 6. Fat acid 22 : 6 mounting manifestly from egg until PL 1 and PL 2, this matter [is] enabled [by] because its acidulous food [of] fat.
Deshimaru et al. ( 1979), please express that comparison of acid of linoleat and of linolenat more important than the fat acid contents [by] xself. [Is] hereinafter expressed that [gift/ giving] of fat 6 % in pakan with comparison of sour content [of] linoleat 10 - 20 % and is sour [of] linolenat 20 - 30 % giving growth of good enough prawn. Comparison of fat acid in the pakan got by mixing fish liver oil of pollack soy oil and range from 3 : 1 and 1 1. Fat coming from animal go out to sea good generally as source of acid of linoleat ( Kanazawa et, al., 1979). While vegetation oil represent the source of acid of linolenat.
Fosfolipida represent sour ester [of] and fat of gliserol having phosphate ion. Oil and bulk containing many fosfolipida like sefalin which many there are in soybean oil. Other Fosfolipida [is] lechitin having part of dissolve in water. Et al Kanazawa. ( 1979) have checked influence some fat faction of oil of tapes in prawn food in the reality can give better growth to Penaeus japonicus juvenil, while [gift/ giving] 1 % sefalin in prawn food can give better growth although [do] not as good as better lechitin but in comparison with without [gift/ giving] of fosfolipida [is] at source :
Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
Fat required as source of energi. Existence of fat have important role also for growth and continuity of life, especially some sour type [of] fat very is having an in with [of] life of prawn. Sour [of] fat also function to dissolve vitamin. Sour composition [of] fat exist in prawn very hand in glove its [relation/link] with fat which implied in given food. One fat gram can yield 9 kkal per gram while protein and carbohydrate only yielding 4 kkal per gram. Special to territorial water organism, fat play a part in to minimize beratjenis, so that organism can float [in] water.
Some researcher report that given food fat rate and source have real influence to body fat rate. According to Sick and of Andrews ( 1973), given [by] prawn [is] food without fat have body fat rate 4,93 % from dry weight. While [at] food which is the each given [by] fat coming from 10 % ox fat, 10 % corn oil and 10 % linseed, causing each prawn body fat rate become 7,27 %, 7,82 % and 8,58 %. Matter this means required [by] certain fat acid in given food.
Fat acid have important role [do] not only as source of energi, but also as Iihat vitamin which [is] esensial for the prawn of ( Teshima and of Yone, 1978). From some result of research have been proved that prawn have unique requirement to and sterol of fosfolipida different with other territorial water organism and mammal. [At] other animal, sterol earn disintesis of acetate, while [at] prawn cannot sintesis. Cholesterol represent Iihat vitamin which [is] esensial to growth and life of prawn, because this Iihat vitamin can be turned into hormone of seks hormone and change husk [is] and also used as [by] fundamental element [of] hypodermic. optimal Cholesterol rate for the larva of and of juvenil [is] [about/around] 0,5 % ( Et al Kanazawa., 1971). Prawn can alter C28 and of C29 sterols become cholesterol ( Teshima, 1971).
Fat acid of linoleat, and linolenat of arakidonat represent fat acid of esensial very important for growth and continuity of prawn life. Prawn less efficient in altering acid of linoleat acid and of linolenat become fat acid is not saturated larger ones ( Poly acid fatty unsdturated Higher) and comparison of fat acid found on prawn of substadium PL 1 and PL 2 [is] 16 : 0,18 : 1,20 : 4 and 22 6. Fat acid 22 : 6 mounting manifestly from egg until PL 1 and PL 2, this matter [is] enabled [by] because its acidulous food [of] fat.
Deshimaru et al. ( 1979), please express that comparison of acid of linoleat and of linolenat more important than the fat acid contents [by] xself. [Is] hereinafter expressed that [gift/ giving] of fat 6 % in pakan with comparison of sour content [of] linoleat 10 - 20 % and is sour [of] linolenat 20 - 30 % giving growth of good enough prawn. Comparison of fat acid in the pakan got by mixing fish liver oil of pollack soy oil and range from 3 : 1 and 1 1. Fat coming from animal go out to sea good generally as source of acid of linoleat ( Kanazawa et, al., 1979). While vegetation oil represent the source of acid of linolenat.
Fosfolipida represent sour ester [of] and fat of gliserol having phosphate ion. Oil and bulk containing many fosfolipida like sefalin which many there are in soybean oil. Other Fosfolipida [is] lechitin having part of dissolve in water. Et al Kanazawa. ( 1979) have checked influence some fat faction of oil of tapes in prawn food in the reality can give better growth to Penaeus japonicus juvenil, while [gift/ giving] 1 % sefalin in prawn food can give better growth although [do] not as good as better lechitin but in comparison with without [gift/ giving] of fosfolipida [is] at source :
Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru
Dra. Suzy Anna
HABIT EAT PRAWN of WINDU ( Penaeus Monodon) .
HABIT EAT PRAWN of WINDU ( Penaeus Monodon) .
[In] nature, prawn of windu ordinary eat various type of Crustacea big, Brachyura, vegetation objects, Polychaeta, Mollusca, small fishs and limited small Crustacea in number. While looked after prawn [in] fishpond eating many Copepoda. Although prawn of penaid represent omnivorous animal ( Omnivora), however in general prawn represent predator to invertebrata which [is] movement of tardy [it]. Result of inspection to prawn innards;bowels of windu looked after [in] fishpond indicate that its food consist of type plankton of Lyngbya sp, Spirulina, Skeletonema and from type of zooplankton that is Brachionus sp ( Ranoemihardjo, 1980). Even though, situation of place environment live prawn will have an effect on to eaten food type.
In effort conservancy of prawn, given food besides have to have the quality of which its [of] him have to enough, because lacking of food will be more quicken death of animal which [is] conducting. Till now Artemia nauplius represent one of [the] most effective prawn food to stadium prawn after and also larva of Juvenil. Besides, Artemia nauplius can personate supporter of growth of prawn of windu.
If used as [by] suplemen with other food, in the reality Artemia have excellence compared to other prawn food. The excellence among others [is] : Merchant Artemia in the form of cyst ( Cyst), practical so that in its use, Artemia nauplius have compatible size measure gyration for many prawn larva, can adapt to various environment and can grow [at] high density ( Sorgeloos, 1980). Besides, Artemia also have content of nutrisi which high enough.
source : Ir. Sri Umiyati SumeruDra. Suzy Anna
[In] nature, prawn of windu ordinary eat various type of Crustacea big, Brachyura, vegetation objects, Polychaeta, Mollusca, small fishs and limited small Crustacea in number. While looked after prawn [in] fishpond eating many Copepoda. Although prawn of penaid represent omnivorous animal ( Omnivora), however in general prawn represent predator to invertebrata which [is] movement of tardy [it]. Result of inspection to prawn innards;bowels of windu looked after [in] fishpond indicate that its food consist of type plankton of Lyngbya sp, Spirulina, Skeletonema and from type of zooplankton that is Brachionus sp ( Ranoemihardjo, 1980). Even though, situation of place environment live prawn will have an effect on to eaten food type.
In effort conservancy of prawn, given food besides have to have the quality of which its [of] him have to enough, because lacking of food will be more quicken death of animal which [is] conducting. Till now Artemia nauplius represent one of [the] most effective prawn food to stadium prawn after and also larva of Juvenil. Besides, Artemia nauplius can personate supporter of growth of prawn of windu.
If used as [by] suplemen with other food, in the reality Artemia have excellence compared to other prawn food. The excellence among others [is] : Merchant Artemia in the form of cyst ( Cyst), practical so that in its use, Artemia nauplius have compatible size measure gyration for many prawn larva, can adapt to various environment and can grow [at] high density ( Sorgeloos, 1980). Besides, Artemia also have content of nutrisi which high enough.
source : Ir. Sri Umiyati SumeruDra. Suzy Anna
NUTRISI OF PRAWN WINDU (Penaeus Monodon) . PROTEIN AND ACID of AMINO ESENSIAL
CONDITIONS OF NUTRISI TO PRAWN of WINDU.
Source of nutrisi ( gizi) [is] generally classified to become five category, that is: protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin. To support growth and continuity of its life, prawn require nutrisi which qualitative and also quantitative fulfill conditions as according to requirement of prawn. the Iihat vitamins have to stay in food which physiologically function as source of regulator Iihat vitamin of[is continuity of life.
PROTEIN AND ACID of AMINO ESENSIAL.
Protein represent organic compound [of] complex, lapped over to the many acid of amino pregnant [of] elements of C, H, O and of N which [do] not have by carbohydrate or fat. pregnant Protein molecule also sulphur and phospor. Protein of vital importance to body, because this Iihat vitamin have function as materialss in body and also as constructor Iihat vitamin and regulator. As constructor Iihat vitamin, functioning protein in forming new network and maintain network which have there [is].
Considering is important [of] protein in prawn food, hence research concerning requirement of protein some prawn type have been [done/conducted] by many researcher. Some result of research show number requirement of different protein to prawn. Difference [is] enabled, caused by difference in habit eat ( habit food) as well as source of used protein. Pursuant to attempt of Deshimaru and of Yone ( 1978) got that optimum protein rate for the growth of Penaeus japonicus juvenil and efficiency usage of food range from 32 - 57 %.
While other researcher like Colvin ( 1976) getting protein rate 43 % for the Penaeus of and indicus of Andrews al et. ( 1972) getting protein rate 28 - 32 % for the Penaeus of setiferus. Result of attempt of Colvin and of Brand ( 1977) indicating that for the growth of prawn of Penaeus califomiensis, Stylirostris Penaeus and of Penaeus size measure vanamei of pasca larva required [by] 40 % protein in its food, while for juvenil required [by] protein 30 %. In general prawn of windu adult or juvenil get optimum growth with [gift/ giving] of pregnant food 30 - 60 % protein ( New, 1976).
[In] nature there are [about/around] 23 kinds of acid of amino which have insulation, but only some just acid of amino which [is] esensial to prawn. Kanazawa and of Teshima ( 1981) by using radioactive isotope get 10 sour type [of] esensial amino for the Penaeus of japonicus that is : Arginin, Methionin, Valine, Threonin, Isoleusin, Leusin, Lysin, Histidin, Phenylalanin and of Tryptophan. While Shewbart etal. ( 1972) getting 11 acid of amino esensial to Penaeus aztecus that is kesepuluhjenis above additional and also Tyrosin for a few high level animal. This Tyrosin [do] not esensial if/when there are Phenylalanin, however seems esensial to prawn. Till now requirement of acid of amino quantitatively to prawn not yet been known. Any way compilation of prawn food better be adapted for [by] spreading of acid of amino in prawn body.
[At] tables 2 seen component spreading of acid of amino prawn of windu.
Asam Amino Esensial .............Kandungan (%)
Arginin...................................14,62
Methionin...............................3,43
Valin.......................................4,48
Threonin.................................5,51
Isoleusin.................................3,63
Leusin.....................................6,95
Lysine.....................................14,86
Histidin...................................2,66
Phenylalanin...........................2,44
Tyrosin...................................3,99
source : Ir. Sri Umiyati SumeruDra. Suzy Anna
Source of nutrisi ( gizi) [is] generally classified to become five category, that is: protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin. To support growth and continuity of its life, prawn require nutrisi which qualitative and also quantitative fulfill conditions as according to requirement of prawn. the Iihat vitamins have to stay in food which physiologically function as source of regulator Iihat vitamin of[is continuity of life.
PROTEIN AND ACID of AMINO ESENSIAL.
Protein represent organic compound [of] complex, lapped over to the many acid of amino pregnant [of] elements of C, H, O and of N which [do] not have by carbohydrate or fat. pregnant Protein molecule also sulphur and phospor. Protein of vital importance to body, because this Iihat vitamin have function as materialss in body and also as constructor Iihat vitamin and regulator. As constructor Iihat vitamin, functioning protein in forming new network and maintain network which have there [is].
Considering is important [of] protein in prawn food, hence research concerning requirement of protein some prawn type have been [done/conducted] by many researcher. Some result of research show number requirement of different protein to prawn. Difference [is] enabled, caused by difference in habit eat ( habit food) as well as source of used protein. Pursuant to attempt of Deshimaru and of Yone ( 1978) got that optimum protein rate for the growth of Penaeus japonicus juvenil and efficiency usage of food range from 32 - 57 %.
While other researcher like Colvin ( 1976) getting protein rate 43 % for the Penaeus of and indicus of Andrews al et. ( 1972) getting protein rate 28 - 32 % for the Penaeus of setiferus. Result of attempt of Colvin and of Brand ( 1977) indicating that for the growth of prawn of Penaeus califomiensis, Stylirostris Penaeus and of Penaeus size measure vanamei of pasca larva required [by] 40 % protein in its food, while for juvenil required [by] protein 30 %. In general prawn of windu adult or juvenil get optimum growth with [gift/ giving] of pregnant food 30 - 60 % protein ( New, 1976).
[In] nature there are [about/around] 23 kinds of acid of amino which have insulation, but only some just acid of amino which [is] esensial to prawn. Kanazawa and of Teshima ( 1981) by using radioactive isotope get 10 sour type [of] esensial amino for the Penaeus of japonicus that is : Arginin, Methionin, Valine, Threonin, Isoleusin, Leusin, Lysin, Histidin, Phenylalanin and of Tryptophan. While Shewbart etal. ( 1972) getting 11 acid of amino esensial to Penaeus aztecus that is kesepuluhjenis above additional and also Tyrosin for a few high level animal. This Tyrosin [do] not esensial if/when there are Phenylalanin, however seems esensial to prawn. Till now requirement of acid of amino quantitatively to prawn not yet been known. Any way compilation of prawn food better be adapted for [by] spreading of acid of amino in prawn body.
[At] tables 2 seen component spreading of acid of amino prawn of windu.
Asam Amino Esensial .............Kandungan (%)
Arginin...................................14,62
Methionin...............................3,43
Valin.......................................4,48
Threonin.................................5,51
Isoleusin.................................3,63
Leusin.....................................6,95
Lysine.....................................14,86
Histidin...................................2,66
Phenylalanin...........................2,44
Tyrosin...................................3,99
source : Ir. Sri Umiyati SumeruDra. Suzy Anna
Sep 24, 2008
CONDITIONS BIOLOGIS PRAWN WINDU
CONDITIONS OF BIOLOGIS AND HABIT EAT PRAWN of WINDU.
A. CONDITIONS OF BIOLOGIS. Prawn of Windu ( Penaeus Monodon) included in Penaidae familia. Sub of Ordo Natantia, Ordo Decapoda and of Klas Crustacea. This Group [of] life [in] territorial water base / bentik, frown upon light and hide [in] mud in the day time. Have the character of cannibal, especially in a state of peckish and [there] no available food, having ammonia ekskresi which high enough and for growth needed to change husk ( moulting). Some environmental factor which influence the continuity of life and growth of prawn shall be as follows :
1. Temperature.
Prawn require temperature gyration [among/between] 25 till 32°C [so that/ to be] earning life and grow normally. Temperature territorial water excelsior, fast excelsior [of] metabolism in prawn body. This condition will make balance to at the height of accelerateing food consumption. If/When temperature increasing, prawn of stres and will [release] abundant mucus. On the contrary if/when temperature too low, prawn will less active eat and make a move, so that its growth will be tardy.
2. Salinitas.
Prawn of Windu have tolerance live [at] gyration of salinitas 4 - 40 permil and grow better [at] gyration 12 - 30 permil. If salinitas too low or too high, Iust to eat there [is] still, but food conversion become high because body energi many castaway
3. pH.
For the growth of, prawn of windu need gyration of pH 7,4 - 8,5 and will kill if/when tired pH [of] very low number 6 and is highest 9. If/When pH irrigate too low or often lower at night, hence coat calcify [in] prawn husk will decrease because permeated internally. [At] this condition [of] oxygen consumption mount, permeability of downhill body and its gill destroy.
4. Condensation Oxygen ( DO). Oxygen needed [by] prawn to burn consumed [by] food Iihat vitamins [is] prawn and permeated [by] body or elaborated to become energi. Oxygen condensation which both for growth of prawn [is] [among/between] 85 - 125 % saturated or 4 - 6 ppm. In pregnant water enough oxygen, seen prawn activity [is] to rest and once in a while make a move to forag. On the contrary in obstetrical water [of] its oxygen lower, prawn will see active make a move and swim because stres. However, [at] oxygen rate which saturated too can cause disease of gas bubble ( Gas of Bubble Disease).
source :Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru Dra. Suzy Anna
A. CONDITIONS OF BIOLOGIS. Prawn of Windu ( Penaeus Monodon) included in Penaidae familia. Sub of Ordo Natantia, Ordo Decapoda and of Klas Crustacea. This Group [of] life [in] territorial water base / bentik, frown upon light and hide [in] mud in the day time. Have the character of cannibal, especially in a state of peckish and [there] no available food, having ammonia ekskresi which high enough and for growth needed to change husk ( moulting). Some environmental factor which influence the continuity of life and growth of prawn shall be as follows :
1. Temperature.
Prawn require temperature gyration [among/between] 25 till 32°C [so that/ to be] earning life and grow normally. Temperature territorial water excelsior, fast excelsior [of] metabolism in prawn body. This condition will make balance to at the height of accelerateing food consumption. If/When temperature increasing, prawn of stres and will [release] abundant mucus. On the contrary if/when temperature too low, prawn will less active eat and make a move, so that its growth will be tardy.
2. Salinitas.
Prawn of Windu have tolerance live [at] gyration of salinitas 4 - 40 permil and grow better [at] gyration 12 - 30 permil. If salinitas too low or too high, Iust to eat there [is] still, but food conversion become high because body energi many castaway
3. pH.
For the growth of, prawn of windu need gyration of pH 7,4 - 8,5 and will kill if/when tired pH [of] very low number 6 and is highest 9. If/When pH irrigate too low or often lower at night, hence coat calcify [in] prawn husk will decrease because permeated internally. [At] this condition [of] oxygen consumption mount, permeability of downhill body and its gill destroy.
4. Condensation Oxygen ( DO). Oxygen needed [by] prawn to burn consumed [by] food Iihat vitamins [is] prawn and permeated [by] body or elaborated to become energi. Oxygen condensation which both for growth of prawn [is] [among/between] 85 - 125 % saturated or 4 - 6 ppm. In pregnant water enough oxygen, seen prawn activity [is] to rest and once in a while make a move to forag. On the contrary in obstetrical water [of] its oxygen lower, prawn will see active make a move and swim because stres. However, [at] oxygen rate which saturated too can cause disease of gas bubble ( Gas of Bubble Disease).
source :Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru Dra. Suzy Anna
Sep 22, 2008
Area Come [from] and Spreading Of Fish of Betutu.
Area Come [from] and Spreading Of Fish of Betutu.
Fish of Betutu anticipated [by] original fish [of] Indonesia coming from island of Kalimantan. But, whereas people there [is] also having a notion that fish of betutu come from Sumatra because since long time there [are] over there, even become Sub-Province Roof-Gutter mascot of Betutu. Considering the name of betutu become single name [in] island, hence fish of betutu anticipated to come from Sumatra. While [in] this Kalimantan fish [is] named [by] fish of bakut fish or of bakukut meaning to be kept quiet. [In] town of Pontianak, this fish [of] stupid fish bemama or fish of goblog because in character which [is] always kept quiet. This fish only moving if/when peckish and if (there are) any prey which [is] coincidence pass in front of him. If/When have is fully filled, just [to] this fish will be be kept quiet it though see prey which have been mastered to be to be grabbed by other fish.
fish of Betutu in this time have met many [in] Java, for example [in] [in] river of Ciliwung, Citarum, accumulating basin of Cirata, Elephant accumulating basin of Mungkur, and [in] its other places. Spreading of fish of betutu [in] Java anticipated caused by effort energy kindness [in] the area which later;then escape to a[n territorial water and step into rivers later;then multiply naturally. According to Axelrod, area spreading of fish of betutu cover area of Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Campuchea, Burmese, Australian North, Philippine, and Chinese South.
source of : David Mulyono.
fish potency and benefit of Betutu / cork / snake fish.
ANTECEDENT.
Our Nation ( Indonesia ) very is requiring [is] source of protein to become a[n smart and healthy nation. fish of Mempakan one of [the] source of gilt edged protein. pregnant Fish mean flesh [of] protein ( 9 - 22 %), fat ( 0,1 - 20 %), mineral ( 1 - 3 %), vitamin, lecithin, guanin, and a little a few/little cholesterol.
A. the Target of and Target Development Of Sub-Sektor Fishery. Imposingly territorial water and abundance its[his] various fish type in Indonesia, hence government of cymbal or expect that requirement of Indonesian nation protein can fulfill from fishery sub-sektor. Thereby, target of and target development of sub - fishery sector, beside improve foreign exchange to state, is to improve prosperity of people with target [so that/ to be] goals every body Indonesia can consume fish ± 25 singk / people / tired year. If/When the goals can reach, hence Indonesian nation surely will become smart and healthy nation.
B. Potency Fishery of Freshwater. Development of fishery sub-sektor, both for [done/conducted] by government and also by private sector, [do] not only [in] territorial water of sea, but also [in] territorial water of land ( freshwater). Territorial water bargain in Indonesia according to [all] fishery expert have the quality of good. Territorial water bargain in Indonesia have acidity storey;level ( stable water pH) and have more compared to stable water temperature [of] natural nations 4 season like Japan and of Taiwan. Despitefully, territorial water bargain Indonesia have plankton type miscellaneous, benthos, and or detritus able to become the source of natural food to fish. Seen from wide [of] the source of territorial water of public ( river, lake, bog, accumulating basin / draught, dsb.) and its water quality very goodness, hence territorial water bargain in Indonesia very potential to the effort development of prikanan. One of [the] example [of] [is] territorial water of public [in] just Central Java like [at] tables following :
C. Potency and Prospect of Agribisnis Fish of Betutu. Fish of Betutu possible still foreign to some people. But, to one who have old dabble in the world of fishery, fish of betutu have is old stuff. To society of Sumatra South, specially around River of Ogan, River of Komering, and River of Musi, have old stuff to fish of Betutu. Even, fish of Betutu made [by] town mascot ( remember Roof-Gutter town of Betutu). [In] business world, fish of Betutu more knowledgeable with the title Lazy fish or lazy Cork. Society of Kalimantan mention fish of betutu by the name of fish of Bakut or fish of Bakukut with the meaning " kept quiet". There [is] also mentioning fish of Betutu by the name of stupid fish or fish of goblog. Ethnical [for a] while Chinese, including Chinese clan, mentioning fish of betutu by the name of fish of Sun Hock. International World mention fish of betutu by the name of fish of marbledgpby or of sand goby. Fish of Betutu have erudite name [of] Marmorata Oxyeletris. Bikr.
From breakdown of above clear that fish of Betutu the including one of [the] fish type which have. Cookery fish menu of betutu have entered [in] metropoliss like Palembang, Field, Jakarta, Surabaya, Semarang, Bandung, and Yogyakarta. Rate Menu fish of betutu [in] hotels have star [to] range from Rp 250.000,00 - Rp 300.000,00 to one portion of the size 0,8 singk - 1 singk. While fish price of betutu live [in] wholesaler storey;level or of brooker vary [among/between] Rp 75.000,00 - Rp 100.000,00 per its kilogram.
Costly [of] fish price of betutu anticipated [by] there are some version, probably because delicious goal likely, its flesh turn white, softly, and almost is not bony. fish of Betutu [is] also trusted to contain certain advantage to womankind and to man clan. To womankind, fish of betutu trusted can make ageless and can add softness of husk because containing many vitamin of B1, B2, B6 Vitamin of F, and vitamin of E so that can pursue process become oldly. To man clan, fish of betutu trusted [by] containing many certain hormone and anzim so that can growing strong and heroic as men. But, there [is] also saying that fish of betutu only as arena confront prestige for the meloby of relationship.
Technically, fish of betutu (it) is true still difficult to conducting. Fish business of betutu till in this time most still depend on arrest [in] free nature. Therefore, this fish type [is] felt concerned about will be scarce progressively and totally disappeared akhimya if arrest [in] [done/conducted] free nature continuously. Effort fish conducting and seeding of betutu expected can preserve, adding population, and answer the demand [of] requirement of consumer. Effort fish energy kindness of betutu [in] Thailand can succeed better so that in this time become especial competitor to Indonesia as coming [from] muasal of fish of betutu itself. [In] West Java and [in] Central Java there [are] one who start him [him/ it] intensively although its result not yet seethed with excitement.
Especial constraint [is] fish conducting of betutu [is] the the duration growth of fish. Growth of fish of betutu from hatching till reach consumption size measure ( 400 g to to the) requiring time [about/around] 2 year. Despitefully, this high fish mortality enough so that make people shy at to him [him/ it]. Although storey;level death of fish of betutu high enough, but admit of to be overcome to [pass/through] to with refer to and test-drive of teknih intensive energy kindness.
source : david mulyono
Sep 21, 2008
RECOGNITION OF DECORATIVE TYPE FISH ( DISKUS, SEVERUM, RAINBOW, NIASA
RECOGNITION OF DECORATIVE TYPE FISH ( DISKUS, SEVERUM, RAINBOW, NIASA
ANTECEDENT।
In order to improving earnings of society of DKI Jakarta specially farmer of fish / fisherman have been gone through [by] various means among others exploit lawn farm with effort conservancy of decorative fish। Amount of decorative fish specially decorative fish [of] hard freshwater earn conducting in Indonesia there [is] 91 type। From to 91 fish type, there are some very potential the decorative fish type to be developed [by] because besides can be marketed in country also can represent commodity of eksport।
the potential decorative Fish types for example fish of Diskus, Severum, Rainbow, and Niasa। To be more recognize the fish type [at] Chapter hereinafter of dikemukanan of[is nature of from fishs
2. DECORATIVE TYPE FISH
1) Diskus. Decorative Fish [of] Diskus ( Symhysodonodiscus) represent one of [the] decorative fish type [of] freshwater coming from Amazon river ( Brasil). the Type Fish have good economic value and very popular [by] [in] various state. In Indonesia fish of Diskus have earned conducting and very potensil to be developed [by] because besides can be marketed [by] local marketing, also can represent exporting commodity.
Individuality of fish of diskus [is] its body benetuk [of] flimsy body, domed loo like stromateus fish with redish brown primary colour। fish of Diskus earn conducting in Aquarium to a couple of diskus can be placed in fairish aquarium [about/around] 75 x 35 x 35 cm of[is quality of needed to life and expand fish of diskus that is [in] clear water, temperature [about/around] 28 - 30 degree of Celcius pH ( degree of acidity) 5 - 6 besides dissolve Oxygen content [of] him have to be high enough that is + bigger than 3 ppm ( pxrt per million).
Fish of Diskus have earned breeding after old age [among/between] 15 - 20 months. As for [common/ public] food eaten that is water bug, cuk, worm ( food made in) existing [is] मार्केटिंग
2) Severum। Fish of Severum Cichlosoma severum [is] one of [the] decorative fish type [of] freshwater coming from upstate United States ( Arhazone. S). Its short Body, fat and attenuate with body primary colour vary that is brass chocolate, or black [is] chocolate. this Fish type also have high economic value.
Fish of Severum can be looked after in basin or aquarium cement the quality of needed to water conservancy of fish of severum that is: PH : 5,5 - 7, temperature irrigate 21 - 25 degree of celcius। Fish of Severum have earned to be breeded [by] after old age + year of the size 12 - 15 cm. Masculine mains from female can be differentiated from masculine mains size measure and colour [of] chromatic more fair with larger ones mains from is female. Food able to be given [by] this fish type for example: water bug, cuk, silk worm etc.
3) Fish of Rainbow। Fish of Rainbow represent decorative fish type which enthused [by] many society because this fish type also can represent commodity of eksport. There [is] 2 type of rainbow which is famous enough that is Irian rainbow ( Melano Tacnia and maccaulochi of Rainbow its Anlanesi Telmatherina Rainbow Irian primary colour ahl ladigesi ogilby [of] silver with metallic dark colour while its Sulawesi primary colour rainbow turn yellow olive, with undercarriage colour turn yellow this fish type [is] including fish lay eggs by gluing egg [at] water crop.
Quality of needed to water life of this fish type that is temperature irrigate 23 - 26 degree of Cecius। Ph. water better above 7. this Fish type [of] dapt live and prolific in cement basin and also aquarium. This fish have earned memijah after old age + 7 months in size measure 5 - 7 cm. Food which is [is] ordinary to be given in conservancy of this fish that is water bug, worm of zambut or of cuk. So that fish can grow better during conservancy lay eggs, water have to klop fulfill conditions and [done/conducted] [by] replacement of water + 1 week 1 times.
4) Fish of Niasa। Psedatropheus Auratus Bonlenger or English name of Auratus. [In] DKI jakarta more knowledgeable by the name of this Niasa fish type have long body rather level off, primary colour turn yellow coal black or fair golden. Fish of Niasa very aggresive its movement so that have to beware of if will be mixed with other fish type. Quality of needed to water [is] life and expand fish of Niasa that is pH = 7, temperature 24 - 27 degree of Celcius. Conservancy can be [done/conducted] in basin cement or aquarium. Height of needed to water [is] pemijahan [about/around] 30 - 35 cm.
Fish of Niasa have earned breeding in age 7 months of the size body length : 7 cm. female and Masculine mains can be differentiated from oafish turn yellow its fin [of] him. Masculine fish usually have oafishly [of] in, whereas the female [do] not. given food for example : Cuk, water bug
3. SOURCE OF. On Duty Fishery, Governmental [of] DKI Jakarta, Jakarta, 1996
4. CONTACT [RELATION/LINK]. Governmental [of] DKI Jakarta, On Duty Fishery of Jakarta, March 2001. Electroplated by : Tarwiyah.
ANTECEDENT।
In order to improving earnings of society of DKI Jakarta specially farmer of fish / fisherman have been gone through [by] various means among others exploit lawn farm with effort conservancy of decorative fish। Amount of decorative fish specially decorative fish [of] hard freshwater earn conducting in Indonesia there [is] 91 type। From to 91 fish type, there are some very potential the decorative fish type to be developed [by] because besides can be marketed in country also can represent commodity of eksport।
the potential decorative Fish types for example fish of Diskus, Severum, Rainbow, and Niasa। To be more recognize the fish type [at] Chapter hereinafter of dikemukanan of[is nature of from fishs
2. DECORATIVE TYPE FISH
1) Diskus. Decorative Fish [of] Diskus ( Symhysodonodiscus) represent one of [the] decorative fish type [of] freshwater coming from Amazon river ( Brasil). the Type Fish have good economic value and very popular [by] [in] various state. In Indonesia fish of Diskus have earned conducting and very potensil to be developed [by] because besides can be marketed [by] local marketing, also can represent exporting commodity.
Individuality of fish of diskus [is] its body benetuk [of] flimsy body, domed loo like stromateus fish with redish brown primary colour। fish of Diskus earn conducting in Aquarium to a couple of diskus can be placed in fairish aquarium [about/around] 75 x 35 x 35 cm of[is quality of needed to life and expand fish of diskus that is [in] clear water, temperature [about/around] 28 - 30 degree of Celcius pH ( degree of acidity) 5 - 6 besides dissolve Oxygen content [of] him have to be high enough that is + bigger than 3 ppm ( pxrt per million).
Fish of Diskus have earned breeding after old age [among/between] 15 - 20 months. As for [common/ public] food eaten that is water bug, cuk, worm ( food made in) existing [is] मार्केटिंग
2) Severum। Fish of Severum Cichlosoma severum [is] one of [the] decorative fish type [of] freshwater coming from upstate United States ( Arhazone. S). Its short Body, fat and attenuate with body primary colour vary that is brass chocolate, or black [is] chocolate. this Fish type also have high economic value.
Fish of Severum can be looked after in basin or aquarium cement the quality of needed to water conservancy of fish of severum that is: PH : 5,5 - 7, temperature irrigate 21 - 25 degree of celcius। Fish of Severum have earned to be breeded [by] after old age + year of the size 12 - 15 cm. Masculine mains from female can be differentiated from masculine mains size measure and colour [of] chromatic more fair with larger ones mains from is female. Food able to be given [by] this fish type for example: water bug, cuk, silk worm etc.
3) Fish of Rainbow। Fish of Rainbow represent decorative fish type which enthused [by] many society because this fish type also can represent commodity of eksport. There [is] 2 type of rainbow which is famous enough that is Irian rainbow ( Melano Tacnia and maccaulochi of Rainbow its Anlanesi Telmatherina Rainbow Irian primary colour ahl ladigesi ogilby [of] silver with metallic dark colour while its Sulawesi primary colour rainbow turn yellow olive, with undercarriage colour turn yellow this fish type [is] including fish lay eggs by gluing egg [at] water crop.
Quality of needed to water life of this fish type that is temperature irrigate 23 - 26 degree of Cecius। Ph. water better above 7. this Fish type [of] dapt live and prolific in cement basin and also aquarium. This fish have earned memijah after old age + 7 months in size measure 5 - 7 cm. Food which is [is] ordinary to be given in conservancy of this fish that is water bug, worm of zambut or of cuk. So that fish can grow better during conservancy lay eggs, water have to klop fulfill conditions and [done/conducted] [by] replacement of water + 1 week 1 times.
4) Fish of Niasa। Psedatropheus Auratus Bonlenger or English name of Auratus. [In] DKI jakarta more knowledgeable by the name of this Niasa fish type have long body rather level off, primary colour turn yellow coal black or fair golden. Fish of Niasa very aggresive its movement so that have to beware of if will be mixed with other fish type. Quality of needed to water [is] life and expand fish of Niasa that is pH = 7, temperature 24 - 27 degree of Celcius. Conservancy can be [done/conducted] in basin cement or aquarium. Height of needed to water [is] pemijahan [about/around] 30 - 35 cm.
Fish of Niasa have earned breeding in age 7 months of the size body length : 7 cm. female and Masculine mains can be differentiated from oafish turn yellow its fin [of] him. Masculine fish usually have oafishly [of] in, whereas the female [do] not. given food for example : Cuk, water bug
3. SOURCE OF. On Duty Fishery, Governmental [of] DKI Jakarta, Jakarta, 1996
4. CONTACT [RELATION/LINK]. Governmental [of] DKI Jakarta, On Duty Fishery of Jakarta, March 2001. Electroplated by : Tarwiyah.
Sep 17, 2008
CONDUCTING FISH of MANFISH / MANVIS
CONDUCTING FISH of MANFISH.,
Morphology and Habit Of Fish of Manfis. Manfish or which [is] recognized also with term ' Fish Angel' coming from territorial water of Amazon, South America. Manfish ( Pterophyllum Scalare) pertained into set of relatives of Cichlidae, having marking of morfologis the following habit and:
" Owning type and colour which vary " Form flimsy body, with body like dart " Stomach fin and its back fin unfold wide up at tail, so that see as bow which [is] transparent dark chromatic " [At] part of its chest there are two fin which [is] length pendant to part of tail " Taking care of and protecting its clan " Have the character of omnivorously " Pertained easy to accept various food type in so many source and form.
Some fish type of Manfish recognized and have expanded in Indonesia for example [is]: Diamond ( Berlian ), Imperial, Marble and of Black-White. Diamond ( Berlian ) silver chromatic gleam until dusty green. [At] part of head to the there are colour turn yellow till black chocolate which go along until part of back. Imperial Manfish have silver primary colour, but its body [is] decorated [by] four vertical line [of] black chromatic / black chocolate.
Manfish Marble have white and black mixture colour which [is] vertical line shape. While Black-White manfish have black colour decorate halfly [of] its body [of] backside, and white colour decorate halfly [of] frontage of[is including part of head.
Management of Mains. Fish of Manfish can be made [by] mains after its age reach 7 long months of the size 7,5 cm. To reach result of optimal, mains have to be managed better for example with [gift/ giving] of good food like wiggler, worm of Tubifex, or Chironomous. Besides because fish mains of manfish very sensitive to disease attack, hence require to be given to treat drug periodical Drug which commonly use for example Oxytetracycline and salt.
Before breeded, mains of manfish looked after massly ( male and is female ) beforehand in 1 big aquarium ( size measure 100x60x60 cm3). After maturing egg, mains of manfish will each other and lock out of other fish. Mains which each other the have earned to be taken and breeded [at] breeder place.
Besides can be [done/conducted], that is by pairing mains of manfish directly after knowing female and masculine mains. distinguished Masculine mains of the size larger ones body compared to female mains. rather big seen masculine Mains head with part of [among/between] mouth to back fin in form of is convex, and also compared to slimer physique [of] female fish. Whereas female mains distinguished by smaller body size measure and its smaller head form with part of more big stomach / fat and also seen rather uppermost.
Technique Breeder.
Breeder [done/conducted] [by] [in] fairish aquarium 60x50x40 cm3 highly water 30 cm. Into the aquarium given [by] aerasi for the supply of oxygen. fish of Manfish will paste up its egg [at] smooth substrat, for example pipe cutting of PVC which have been prepared / to be placed in breeder aquarium. Because fish of manfish tend to to take a fancy to calm and dark atmosphere, hence [at] aquarium wall can be glued [by] plastic or paper which [is] dark chromatic.
mains of Manfish will be prolific at night. Female mains paste up its egg [at] substrat and followed [by] masculine fish which spraying its[his] [him/ it] at all of egg, so that the eggs [is] fruit. Amount of yielded egg each;every mains range from 500-1000 item. During a period of/to breeder, mains remain to give [by] food in the form of worm of Tubifex, Chironomous or of Daphnia.
Hatch of Egg and Conservancy of Larva Egg which patch [at] substrat [is] hereinafter carried over [by] aquarium hatch of egg ( fairish 60x50x40 cm3) to be incubated. [At] hatch media water better be enhanced [by] drug anti mushroom, for example Methyline Blue with dose 1 ppm. To take care of stability of temperature, hence into media hatch of the egg used [by] heater of water ( heater water) attached [at] temperature 27-28 degree of Celcius. Egg of Manfish will hatch after 2-3 day, with degree of hatch of egg gyrate 70-90%. Hereinafter place paralon gluing of egg lifted and [done/conducted] [by] treatment of larva till old age 2 week.
given food during conservancy of the larva in the form of natural food matching with aperture trap larva and have high protein content, for example Artemia sp nauplii. the food given [by] 2 times one day ( evening and morning ) till larva old age 10 day and continued with [gift/ giving] of worm of Tubifex.
Conservancy of Magnification and seed.
After old age 2 week, the seed can be [done/conducted] seldom to [is] later;then [done/conducted] [by] conservancy until fish old age one months. Next step [is] to harvest the the seed to be carried over in basin / place of magnification. In this case can be used [by] basin of fiber cement basin or, depended the place of available. During a period of/to magnification, strived in order to current into place of magnification although a few/little.
Solid [is] dispersion for the magnification of fish of manfish gyrate 100 tail / m2. given food in the form of worm of Tubifex or of pellet until seed old age 2 months. Reached size measure usually gyrate 3 - 5 cm. If water quality and food support, sintasan [at] a period of/to magnification can reach 70-90%. Hereinafter seed of manfish can be enlarged again till reach mains candidate size measure or mains thickky smaller dispersion.
Disease and medication.
fish of Manfish recognized sensitive enough to disease attack, [is] for that needed [by] management well by taking care of the quality of given food amount and water. Some ordinary parasite type attack seed / mains of Manfish for example [is] : Trichodina Sp ., Chillodonella Sp. and Epystilys sp. While bacterium the infection [is] Aeromonas hydrophilla.
Some drug type able to be used to overcome attack disease of parasitek for example : Formalin 25%, Nacl 500 ppm. While for the disease of bakterial can be used [by] Oxytetrachycline 5 - 10 ppm by input to its mixture during 24 [hour/clock].
Morphology and Habit Of Fish of Manfis. Manfish or which [is] recognized also with term ' Fish Angel' coming from territorial water of Amazon, South America. Manfish ( Pterophyllum Scalare) pertained into set of relatives of Cichlidae, having marking of morfologis the following habit and:
" Owning type and colour which vary " Form flimsy body, with body like dart " Stomach fin and its back fin unfold wide up at tail, so that see as bow which [is] transparent dark chromatic " [At] part of its chest there are two fin which [is] length pendant to part of tail " Taking care of and protecting its clan " Have the character of omnivorously " Pertained easy to accept various food type in so many source and form.
Some fish type of Manfish recognized and have expanded in Indonesia for example [is]: Diamond ( Berlian ), Imperial, Marble and of Black-White. Diamond ( Berlian ) silver chromatic gleam until dusty green. [At] part of head to the there are colour turn yellow till black chocolate which go along until part of back. Imperial Manfish have silver primary colour, but its body [is] decorated [by] four vertical line [of] black chromatic / black chocolate.
Manfish Marble have white and black mixture colour which [is] vertical line shape. While Black-White manfish have black colour decorate halfly [of] its body [of] backside, and white colour decorate halfly [of] frontage of[is including part of head.
Management of Mains. Fish of Manfish can be made [by] mains after its age reach 7 long months of the size 7,5 cm. To reach result of optimal, mains have to be managed better for example with [gift/ giving] of good food like wiggler, worm of Tubifex, or Chironomous. Besides because fish mains of manfish very sensitive to disease attack, hence require to be given to treat drug periodical Drug which commonly use for example Oxytetracycline and salt.
Before breeded, mains of manfish looked after massly ( male and is female ) beforehand in 1 big aquarium ( size measure 100x60x60 cm3). After maturing egg, mains of manfish will each other and lock out of other fish. Mains which each other the have earned to be taken and breeded [at] breeder place.
Besides can be [done/conducted], that is by pairing mains of manfish directly after knowing female and masculine mains. distinguished Masculine mains of the size larger ones body compared to female mains. rather big seen masculine Mains head with part of [among/between] mouth to back fin in form of is convex, and also compared to slimer physique [of] female fish. Whereas female mains distinguished by smaller body size measure and its smaller head form with part of more big stomach / fat and also seen rather uppermost.
Technique Breeder.
Breeder [done/conducted] [by] [in] fairish aquarium 60x50x40 cm3 highly water 30 cm. Into the aquarium given [by] aerasi for the supply of oxygen. fish of Manfish will paste up its egg [at] smooth substrat, for example pipe cutting of PVC which have been prepared / to be placed in breeder aquarium. Because fish of manfish tend to to take a fancy to calm and dark atmosphere, hence [at] aquarium wall can be glued [by] plastic or paper which [is] dark chromatic.
mains of Manfish will be prolific at night. Female mains paste up its egg [at] substrat and followed [by] masculine fish which spraying its[his] [him/ it] at all of egg, so that the eggs [is] fruit. Amount of yielded egg each;every mains range from 500-1000 item. During a period of/to breeder, mains remain to give [by] food in the form of worm of Tubifex, Chironomous or of Daphnia.
Hatch of Egg and Conservancy of Larva Egg which patch [at] substrat [is] hereinafter carried over [by] aquarium hatch of egg ( fairish 60x50x40 cm3) to be incubated. [At] hatch media water better be enhanced [by] drug anti mushroom, for example Methyline Blue with dose 1 ppm. To take care of stability of temperature, hence into media hatch of the egg used [by] heater of water ( heater water) attached [at] temperature 27-28 degree of Celcius. Egg of Manfish will hatch after 2-3 day, with degree of hatch of egg gyrate 70-90%. Hereinafter place paralon gluing of egg lifted and [done/conducted] [by] treatment of larva till old age 2 week.
given food during conservancy of the larva in the form of natural food matching with aperture trap larva and have high protein content, for example Artemia sp nauplii. the food given [by] 2 times one day ( evening and morning ) till larva old age 10 day and continued with [gift/ giving] of worm of Tubifex.
Conservancy of Magnification and seed.
After old age 2 week, the seed can be [done/conducted] seldom to [is] later;then [done/conducted] [by] conservancy until fish old age one months. Next step [is] to harvest the the seed to be carried over in basin / place of magnification. In this case can be used [by] basin of fiber cement basin or, depended the place of available. During a period of/to magnification, strived in order to current into place of magnification although a few/little.
Solid [is] dispersion for the magnification of fish of manfish gyrate 100 tail / m2. given food in the form of worm of Tubifex or of pellet until seed old age 2 months. Reached size measure usually gyrate 3 - 5 cm. If water quality and food support, sintasan [at] a period of/to magnification can reach 70-90%. Hereinafter seed of manfish can be enlarged again till reach mains candidate size measure or mains thickky smaller dispersion.
Disease and medication.
fish of Manfish recognized sensitive enough to disease attack, [is] for that needed [by] management well by taking care of the quality of given food amount and water. Some ordinary parasite type attack seed / mains of Manfish for example [is] : Trichodina Sp ., Chillodonella Sp. and Epystilys sp. While bacterium the infection [is] Aeromonas hydrophilla.
Some drug type able to be used to overcome attack disease of parasitek for example : Formalin 25%, Nacl 500 ppm. While for the disease of bakterial can be used [by] Oxytetrachycline 5 - 10 ppm by input to its mixture during 24 [hour/clock].
Mineral function [at] food to fish.
Mineral function [at] food to fish.
Mineral Iihat vitamins required by fish for example calcium ( Ca), phosphorus ( P), and natrium of klor ( in compound of Naci), manganese ( Mn), ferrum ( Fe), copper ( Cu), iodine ( I), and cobalt ( Co). [Is] the same as with vitamin, mineral very required by fish in number which [do] not too big. Calcium ( Ca) and phosphorus ( P) needed to forming of bone / growth and to take care of body network function can work normally. Chloride Natrium ( Nacl) have an effect on in growth, but suggested [by] its usage [do] not too much. Iron ( Fe) required for the forming of red corpuscle, while copper ( Cu) assist in usage of iron by body. Iodine ( [Is] i) needed to making of tiroksin ( hormone of timid) and manganese ( Mn) have an effect on in course of ovulasi/ reproduction.
source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan, M.M, 2001
Mineral Iihat vitamins required by fish for example calcium ( Ca), phosphorus ( P), and natrium of klor ( in compound of Naci), manganese ( Mn), ferrum ( Fe), copper ( Cu), iodine ( I), and cobalt ( Co). [Is] the same as with vitamin, mineral very required by fish in number which [do] not too big. Calcium ( Ca) and phosphorus ( P) needed to forming of bone / growth and to take care of body network function can work normally. Chloride Natrium ( Nacl) have an effect on in growth, but suggested [by] its usage [do] not too much. Iron ( Fe) required for the forming of red corpuscle, while copper ( Cu) assist in usage of iron by body. Iodine ( [Is] i) needed to making of tiroksin ( hormone of timid) and manganese ( Mn) have an effect on in course of ovulasi/ reproduction.
source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan, M.M, 2001
vitamin [at] fish food.
Vitamin.
Vitamin needed in number which relative a few/little, especially to keep in good health and growth of fish body. Evaluated from nature of its physical, vitamin can be divided into two faction that is dissolve vitamin in dissolve vitamin and water in fat. dissolve vitamin in water for example tiamin ( vitamin of B), riboflavin ( vitamin of B2), sour [of] pantotenat ( vitamin of B6), biotin, and kobalamin ( vitamin of B 2), and others.
dissolve vitamin in fat for example retinol ( vitamin of A), or kolekalsiferol of ergokalsiferol ( vitamin of D), alpha of tokoferol ( vitamin of E), and menadion ', vitamin of K). Vitamin of B1 B6, and functioning B12 to support growth and also can stimulate passion eat, while vitamin of B2 play a part in growth and transfer of food Iihat vitamins ( like carbohydrate, fat, and protein) of cells in fish body and also for the process of reproduction. Vitamin of A functioning to support health of eye, while vitamin of D required for the process of metabolism of mineral ( especially phosphorus and calcium). Vitamin of E have an effect on to movement of fish and also in course of reproduction, while vitamin of K have an effect on in course of coagulation of blood.
source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan, M.M,2001
Vitamin needed in number which relative a few/little, especially to keep in good health and growth of fish body. Evaluated from nature of its physical, vitamin can be divided into two faction that is dissolve vitamin in dissolve vitamin and water in fat. dissolve vitamin in water for example tiamin ( vitamin of B), riboflavin ( vitamin of B2), sour [of] pantotenat ( vitamin of B6), biotin, and kobalamin ( vitamin of B 2), and others.
dissolve vitamin in fat for example retinol ( vitamin of A), or kolekalsiferol of ergokalsiferol ( vitamin of D), alpha of tokoferol ( vitamin of E), and menadion ', vitamin of K). Vitamin of B1 B6, and functioning B12 to support growth and also can stimulate passion eat, while vitamin of B2 play a part in growth and transfer of food Iihat vitamins ( like carbohydrate, fat, and protein) of cells in fish body and also for the process of reproduction. Vitamin of A functioning to support health of eye, while vitamin of D required for the process of metabolism of mineral ( especially phosphorus and calcium). Vitamin of E have an effect on to movement of fish and also in course of reproduction, while vitamin of K have an effect on in course of coagulation of blood.
source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan, M.M,2001
Sep 16, 2008
Carbohydrate for the food of fish
Carbohydrate. Carbohydrate represent the source of energi and in general come from flora which [is] forming of [him/ it] [pass/through] photosynthesis process constructively sunshine. In food formulasi, carbohydrate of[is including group which [is] often referred [as] [by] NFE (" nitrogen of free extract) or in Indonesian term of BETN ( extract materials without nitrogen). This BETN contain karbohidrat,gula, extract, and most of classified [by] Iihat vitamins [is] hemiselulosa in food-stuff. Assess BETN obtained from number quantifying of protein, fat, dusty, harsh fibre, and water lessened [by] 100.
source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M
source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M
Role of Fat to making of food made in fish.
Role of Fat to making of food made in.
Functioning fat as source of energi and assist absorbtion of certain minerals ( especially calcium) and also vitamin. dissolve vitamin in fat ( vitamin of A, D, E, K). In relation to food made in usefulness of fat have an effect on to feeling and food tekstur which [is] dibuat.oleh in consequence fat also have role in course of metabolism and growth of fish.
fat of Esensial required by fish also in the form of sour types [of] unsatiated fat, for example acid of linoleic ( more knowledgeable with acid of lenoleat), sour [of] linolenic ( more knowledgeable with acid of lenolenat), and arachidonic ( more knowledgeable with arakidonat). Fat pertained [is] easy to oxidized so that its use in making of food made in its amount [is] limited. If used fat content too high frequently by maker [party/ side] enhanced with materials of antioksidan to pursue the happening of oxidation process.
source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M
Functioning fat as source of energi and assist absorbtion of certain minerals ( especially calcium) and also vitamin. dissolve vitamin in fat ( vitamin of A, D, E, K). In relation to food made in usefulness of fat have an effect on to feeling and food tekstur which [is] dibuat.oleh in consequence fat also have role in course of metabolism and growth of fish.
fat of Esensial required by fish also in the form of sour types [of] unsatiated fat, for example acid of linoleic ( more knowledgeable with acid of lenoleat), sour [of] linolenic ( more knowledgeable with acid of lenolenat), and arachidonic ( more knowledgeable with arakidonat). Fat pertained [is] easy to oxidized so that its use in making of food made in its amount [is] limited. If used fat content too high frequently by maker [party/ side] enhanced with materials of antioksidan to pursue the happening of oxidation process.
source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M
protein function to fish.
Protein.
Protein represent top-drawer element in compilation of food formulasi because effort conducting expect growth of fish which quickly.
In this case, protein have three function to body that is a) as constructor which forming various new network for growth, to changing damage network, and also reproduction, b) as regulator which play a part in forming of custodian hormone and enzyme and regulator various metabolism process in fish body, c) as burner because carbon element which consist in in it can be functioned as source of energi at the (time) of requirement of energi [do] not fufilled by fat and carbohydrate.
Protein molecule lapped over from a number of acid of amino upon which base. Quality of protein very determined by sour composition [of] its compiler amino. This composition will differ [among/between] one materials with other materials.
From [about/around] twenty sour type [of] amino exist in nature, ten among others represent acid of amino which [is] esensial which cannot disintesis in fish body or cannot be made adequate in number from which [is] needed. acid of Amino the esensial [is] arginin ( arg), histidin ( his), isoleusin ( ile), leusin ( leu), lisin ( lys), metionin ( met), fenilalanin ( phe), treonin ( thr), triptofan ( trp), and valin ( val).
Sumber : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M
Protein represent top-drawer element in compilation of food formulasi because effort conducting expect growth of fish which quickly.
In this case, protein have three function to body that is a) as constructor which forming various new network for growth, to changing damage network, and also reproduction, b) as regulator which play a part in forming of custodian hormone and enzyme and regulator various metabolism process in fish body, c) as burner because carbon element which consist in in it can be functioned as source of energi at the (time) of requirement of energi [do] not fufilled by fat and carbohydrate.
Protein molecule lapped over from a number of acid of amino upon which base. Quality of protein very determined by sour composition [of] its compiler amino. This composition will differ [among/between] one materials with other materials.
From [about/around] twenty sour type [of] amino exist in nature, ten among others represent acid of amino which [is] esensial which cannot disintesis in fish body or cannot be made adequate in number from which [is] needed. acid of Amino the esensial [is] arginin ( arg), histidin ( his), isoleusin ( ile), leusin ( leu), lisin ( lys), metionin ( met), fenilalanin ( phe), treonin ( thr), triptofan ( trp), and valin ( val).
Sumber : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M
IMPORTANT MEANING [of] FOOD TO FISH
IMPORTANT MEANING [of] FOOD TO FISH.
AVAILIBILITY OF FOOD IN NUMBER which enough is, timely, and valuable [of] good gizi represent one of [the] very important factor in fish conducting business activity. Ready [of] food which disagree with amount of looked after fish cause fish growth rate become tardyly. As a result yielded production disagree with which [is] expected.
Basically, source of food to conservancy fish,. coming from natural food and food made in. Because of amount of natural food in pool / territorial water very limited and less adequate ( especially for the activity of fish conducting intensively and also semiintensi) hence [so that/ to be] reached [by] fish growth rate, good require to be given [by] side dish or food made in as according to requirement of fish.
If good fish growth rate hence conservancy time become briefer so that pool productivity / territorial water also mount because period produce looked after fish become shorterly.
Problems which often become constraint that is is ready [of] food made in this cost money which high relative, even can reach 60-70% from production cost component. One of [the] alternative able to be [done/conducted] to depress the the production cost [is] by making home made food [pass/through] simple technique by exploiting, source of local raw material ( including exploiting of waste result of agriculture industry) what is cheap relative.
Beside to fulfill requirement alone, food made in which [is] yielded also can be sold to market / farmer of other fish so that can give double advantage. fish food better contain some needed nutrient, for example protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral.
Source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M
AVAILIBILITY OF FOOD IN NUMBER which enough is, timely, and valuable [of] good gizi represent one of [the] very important factor in fish conducting business activity. Ready [of] food which disagree with amount of looked after fish cause fish growth rate become tardyly. As a result yielded production disagree with which [is] expected.
Basically, source of food to conservancy fish,. coming from natural food and food made in. Because of amount of natural food in pool / territorial water very limited and less adequate ( especially for the activity of fish conducting intensively and also semiintensi) hence [so that/ to be] reached [by] fish growth rate, good require to be given [by] side dish or food made in as according to requirement of fish.
If good fish growth rate hence conservancy time become briefer so that pool productivity / territorial water also mount because period produce looked after fish become shorterly.
Problems which often become constraint that is is ready [of] food made in this cost money which high relative, even can reach 60-70% from production cost component. One of [the] alternative able to be [done/conducted] to depress the the production cost [is] by making home made food [pass/through] simple technique by exploiting, source of local raw material ( including exploiting of waste result of agriculture industry) what is cheap relative.
Beside to fulfill requirement alone, food made in which [is] yielded also can be sold to market / farmer of other fish so that can give double advantage. fish food better contain some needed nutrient, for example protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral.
Source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M
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